Introduction

The determinants of economic growth have long been debated in economics and are important to understand in helping improve people’s standards of living across the globe. As Lucas stated: “How did the world economy of today, with its vast differences in income levels and growth rates, emerge from the world of two centuries ago, in which the richest and the poorest societies had income differing by perhaps a factor of two, and in which no society had ever enjoyed sustained growth in living standards?” (Lucas, 2000). The Clark-Fisher three-sector model describes how economies change with their level of development. Least developed countries focus on primary sector activities while more developed countries employ more people in tertiary and quaternary services. These sectoral shifts may explain why different economic growth models better suit different countries based on their level of economic development. For instance, the Malthusian model which described output as a function of technology, land and population based on Malthus (Malthus, 1798) explains well pre-industrial growth. Whereas the original Solow-Swan (Solow, 1956) neoclassical growth model incorporated the role of physical capital and fits the growth patterns observed in industrializing countries like that which occurred in the ‘Asian Tiger’ economies during 1960s but fails to explain why productivity was lower in poorer countries and the slow movement of capital from developed to developing nations. This led to growth models which also incorporated the role of human capital (Romer et al., 1992) and social infrastructure (Hall and Jones, 1999) which better explained growth in higher income countries who had higher levels of human capital and social infrastructure. Therefore, with economic development, the main determinants of long run economic growth tend to change. Without, as of yet, a universal economic growth model with widespread consensus it makes more sense to look at the determinants of economic growth for groups of countries with similar levels of economic development as their economies are, on average, structurally more similar. This paper assigns a country’s level of development into one of four categories based on their average ranking in the Economic Complexity Index (ECI) during the dataset period: most developed countries, developed countries, less developed countries and least developed countries. Fixed effects multiple linear regression analysis is then applied to each group of countries to quantify the associated impact of economic growth determinants on output in structurally similar economies. This will also allow us to observe the relative importance of different economic growth factors as countries develop. This is a fundamentally empirically led study and as such the results of this paper should not be interpreted causally. As, like all statistical techniques based on correlation, correlation does not imply causation. Nevertheless, this paper aims to guide public policy or further research by highlighting which growth determinants to focus on, depending on a country’s development level, and identify any interesting findings which either support or undermine existing growth models.

Background

There have been many empirical studies on the determinants of economic growth which usually focus on finding evidence to support an established economic growth model. For instance, Romer et al. (1992) provide cross-country evidence to support a labour-augmented Solow model in explaining economic growth. While Barossi-Filho et al. (2005) find updated evidence to support the predictions of the original Solow model. Papers based on the grounds of a pre-established theoretical model can be more compelling and more likely to imply causation. However, they often restrict themselves to analyzing only a few determinants of economic growth. Economies constantly evolve and with them growth models have also evolved in their success at explaining economic growth. To avoid only focusing on growth models which may only suit a certain set of countries in a certain era, this paper takes a broader approach by incorporating multiple possible growth determinants. Much attention in the mainstream literature pays attention to growth determinants popularized by the (labour-augmented) Solow-Swan model like human and physical capital but less focus is given to the role of productivity factors, in particular the individual role of social and physical productivity. Johansson and Tretow (2015) present one such paper which analyses the role of economic freedom (what this paper would classify as a social productivity factor) on economic growth using multiple linear regression techniques. This paper aims to employ a similar analysis using multiple linear regression but instead also including fixed country and time effects and adds to the literature by using a unique combination of datasets which have never been used together before to assess the impact of economic growth determinants across a wide range of structurally different economies. In addition, rather than focusing on all countries or just developed and developing countries, countries are more finely categorized into four levels of development as the structure of economies can vary significantly with economic development as Fisher (1935) first highlighted. Cross country growth regressions have been rightly criticized for often wrongly inferring causal relationships from their results (Durlauf, 2009). This is because regressions on variables which are endogenous (as is the case in neoclassical growth theory) invalidates any causal claims as for instance reverse causality will impact the results. Instead, this study is an empirical analysis to highlight any interesting trends and assess whether they support or do not support existing growth models. The results of this paper aim to guide public policy and generate new statistical relationships to help future researchers in formulating new and improved economic growth models.

Economic Growth Model

The model for economic growth used in this paper is one which contains the main factors of production used across most mainstream economic growth models.

Formally: \[y=f(k,h,z_p,z_s)\]

where:

\(y\) = output per capita

\(k\) = physical capital per capita

\(h\) = huamn capital per capita

\(z_p\) = Physical productivity

\(z_s\) = Social productivity

One major difference between this growth model and all other conventional models is that total factor productivity (TFP) is split into two components: physical and social productivity. This is done so to observe each individual effect and together the datasets used to proxy each productivity factor roughly approximate the theoretically implied TFP level in an economy derived via growth accounting techniques (shown in Appendix I). One important growth factor that is not included is land as the data available for this study is not long enough to observe any significant shift in land endowments for most countries. In addition, land varies significantly in productivity and the extent to which it contains valuable natural resources. As such, this variable is left out of the economic growth model, but further studies could be carried out to assess the impact of different types and endowments of land in their contribution to economic growth.

Data Used

In total, this study uses annual data for each of the model’s growth determinants for 78 countries for 13 years between 2007 – 2019.

Output per Capita

GDP per capita is used as a measure of output per capita and is sourced from the World Bank. GDP per capita figures are measured in current US dollars with data available for the full dataset period from 2007-2019. The World Bank calculates GDP as the sum of gross value added by all resident producers in the economy plus any product taxes and minus any subsidies not included in the value of the products.

Physical Capital per Capita

Gross fixed capital formation sourced from the World Bank from 2007-2019 in current US dollars is used as a measure of physical capital per capita.

Human Capital per Capita

The World Bank Human Capital Index (HCI) is used as a measure of human capital per capita in a country. Kraay (2018) presents the methodology used in calculating the HCI but essentially it is a measure which assesses how well a country performs in the following attributes:

1. Survival

• Share of children surviving past the age of 5 in %

2. School

• Quantity of education (Expected years of schooling by age 18)

• Quality of education (Harmonized test scores)

3. Health

• Adult survival rates (Share of 15-year-olds who survive until age 60 in %)

• Healthy growth among children (Stunting rates of children under 5 in %)

Some limitations of the HCI are that the data for some years is missing during the dataset period. These missing data points have been interpolated via linear regression on the original available data. Other alternative datasets to measure human capital include the Barro-Lee educational attainment dataset which is a commonly used proxy. However, this dataset only has data available at best every 5 years which is less data available than the HCI over the same period and the HCI is a more holistic measure of human capital.

Physical Productivity

This paper refers to physical productivity as the technology which contributes to productive efficiency. For example, this includes more efficient machines in a production plant or better software and machine learning capabilities to automate parts of the production process. To assess the level of physical productivity in a country this paper uses the ICT Development Index (IDI) published by the International Telecommunications Union of the United Nations as it gives an approximation of the technology level within a country and offers useful comparisons between countries. The IDI uses 11 internationally agreed indicators to measure the developments in information and communication technology (ICT) between countries and over time. These indicators are grouped into three sections: access, use and skills and are presented below:

Access to ICT

Fixed telephone subscriptions per 100 inhabitants
Mobile phone subscriptions per 100 inhabitants
International Internet bandwidth (bits / s) per

Internet user

Percentage of households with a computer
Percentage of households with Internet access

Use of ICT

Percentage of people using the Internet
Fixed broadband subscriptions per 100 inhabitants
Mobile broadband subscriptions per 100 inhabitants

ICT Skills

Adult literacy rate
Gross secondary school enrollment rate
Gross rate of higher education

Some limitations of the IDI are that data is missing for some years in the dataset period. These missing data points have been interpolated via linear regression on the original available data. In addition, this index is not a true measure of all physical productivity factors in an economy as that would be impossible to capture. However, like the other indices used in this paper, it offers a good estimate and makes for useful comparison across countries and time.

Country Development Level Groupings

This paper splits countries into 4 categories for level of development based on their average ranking in the Economic Complexity Index (ECI) during the dataset period: most developed countries, developed countries, less developed countries and least developed countries. The ECI ranks countries based on how diversified and complex their export basket is. Countries that have a great diversity of productive know-how, particularly complex specialized know-how, can produce a great diversity of sophisticated products. This is a better measure of a country’s level of development than usual proxies like GDP per capita as it more accurately captures the productive potential and level of advancement of an economy which is the aim of long run economic growth models. The ECI nevertheless has a strong correlation with GDP per capita rates, is found to highly predict current income levels and can predict faster future economic growth if current economic complexity exceeds expectations for a country’s income level. Therefore, the ECI is a useful measure of economic development which this paper adopts. The following classification is used:

• Most developed countries: have a mean ECI ranking over dataset period less than or equal to 22

• Developed countries: have a mean ECI ranking over dataset period greater than 22 and less than or equal to 43

• Less developed countries: have a mean ECI ranking over dataset period greater than 43 and less than or equal to 85

• Least developed countries: have a mean ECI ranking over dataset period greater than 85

Data Cleaning

To analyse these datasets in R we first need to load all the necessary packages and files and clean all our data so that it is ready to be statistically analysed.

Load Packages

The following packages are used:

library(readxl)
library(regclass)

## Loading required package: bestglm

## Loading required package: leaps

## Loading required package: VGAM

## Loading required package: stats4

## Loading required package: splines

## Loading required package: rpart

## Loading required package: randomForest

## randomForest 4.6-14

## Type rfNews() to see new features/changes/bug fixes.

## Important regclass change from 1.3:
## All functions that had a . in the name now have an _
## all.correlations -> all_correlations, cor.demo -> cor_demo, etc.

library(plm)

## 
## Attaching package: 'plm'

## The following objects are masked from 'package:VGAM':
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library(dplyr)

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library(tidyverse)

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library(haven)
library(ggplot2)
library(readr)
library(data.table)

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library(magrittr)

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library(knitr)
library(rmarkdown)
library(reshape2)

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library(car)

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library(janitor)

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library(corrplot)

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library(ggcorrplot)
library(lmtest)

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library(gvlma)
library(sandwich)
library(fixest)

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library(kableExtra)

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Load Files

We now load our raw data files:

country_data <- read_csv("C:\\Users\\User\\Documents\\Uni\\Exchange Year - Sciences Po\\LT\\Econometrics\\Final Project\\Country Data\\final_country_data2.csv")

## 
## -- Column specification --------------------------------------------------------
## cols(
##   country = col_character(),
##   year = col_double(),
##   GDP_per_capita = col_double(),
##   investment = col_character(),
##   working_age_population = col_double(),
##   total_population = col_double()
## )

EFI_data <- read_csv("C:\\Users\\User\\Documents\\Uni\\Exchange Year - Sciences Po\\LT\\Econometrics\\Final Project\\Index Data\\Final Data\\Final_EFI_2.csv")

## 
## -- Column specification --------------------------------------------------------
## cols(
##   country = col_character(),
##   year = col_double(),
##   EFI_score = col_double()
## )

HCI_data <- read_csv("C:\\Users\\User\\Documents\\Uni\\Exchange Year - Sciences Po\\LT\\Econometrics\\Final Project\\Index Data\\Final Data\\Final_HCI_2.csv")

## 
## -- Column specification --------------------------------------------------------
## cols(
##   country = col_character(),
##   HCI_score = col_double(),
##   year = col_double()
## )

IDI_data <- read_csv("C:\\Users\\User\\Documents\\Uni\\Exchange Year - Sciences Po\\LT\\Econometrics\\Final Project\\Index Data\\Final Data\\Final_IDI_2.csv")

## 
## -- Column specification --------------------------------------------------------
## cols(
##   country = col_character(),
##   IDI_score = col_double(),
##   year = col_double()
## )

As most of our growth determinant variables are in separate files, we need to merge all these datasets into one.

merged1 = left_join(country_data, EFI_data)

## Joining, by = c("country", "year")

merged2 = left_join(merged1, HCI_data)

## Joining, by = c("country", "year")

countries = left_join(merged2, IDI_data)

## Joining, by = c("country", "year")

We also remove scientific notation for convenience.

options(scipen = 999)

After merging the files, we check whether all the data we gathered has been downloaded and merged correctly. As in our original data we had 79 countries with 13 years of data, this should mean we have 1,027 rows (as 13 ×79=1027).

nrow(countries)

## [1] 1027

This equals 1027 as expected.

We also need to check for missing values but as missing values downloaded from the World Bank are usually denoted as ‘..’ rather than ‘NA’ we need to convert any such values to ‘NA’ before using the sum(is.na()) function.

countries$'investment' <- as.numeric(ifelse(countries$'investment' =='..', NA, countries$'investment'))
sum(is.na(countries$investment))

## [1] 13

sum(is.na(countries))

## [1] 13

By comparing the total missing values and the missing values in the investment column we can see that all the missing values are in the investment column. Let’s now remove countries with missing data.

missing_values <- countries[rowSums(is.na(countries)) > 0,]
kable(missing_values, caption = 'Countries with missing data') %>% kable_styling()

Countries with missing data
country	year	GDP_per_capita	investment	working_age_population	total_population	EFI_score	HCI_score	IDI_score
Qatar	2007	65421.75	NA	1011771	1218434	62.9	0.576	4.25
Qatar	2008	80234.47	NA	1216538	1436665	62.2	0.580	4.50
Qatar	2009	59094.44	NA	1418508	1654950	65.8	0.585	5.26
Qatar	2010	67403.16	NA	1603834	1856327	69.0	0.591	6.10
Qatar	2011	82409.58	NA	1754252	2035871	70.5	0.595	6.41
Qatar	2012	85076.14	NA	1890848	2196074	71.3	0.599	6.46
Qatar	2013	85050.87	NA	2008879	2336574	71.3	0.604	7.01
Qatar	2014	83858.48	NA	2109133	2459198	71.2	0.609	6.87
Qatar	2015	63039.06	NA	2195417	2565710	70.8	0.614	7.44
Qatar	2016	57163.08	NA	2266630	2654374	70.7	0.619	7.12
Qatar	2017	59124.93	NA	2323022	2724724	73.1	0.615	7.21
Qatar	2018	65908.07	NA	2366906	2781677	72.6	0.635	8.16
Qatar	2019	62088.06	NA	2403885	2832067	72.6	0.633	8.49

So, our missing values were caused by missing investment data for Qatar. We thus remove Qatar from the dataset.

countries_cleaned = countries %>% filter(country != "Qatar")
sum(is.na(countries_cleaned))

## [1] 0

Now we no longer have any missing values.

nrow(countries_cleaned)

## [1] 1014

The number of rows is now 1014 as expected as we lost one country’s worth of data which is 13 years. Thus, 1027-13=1014.

We also order the data by year and not country.

countries_cleaned = countries_cleaned[order(countries_cleaned$year),]

Alter variables

Some data cleaning to have physical capital in per capita form and remove unnecessary variables.

countries_cleaned = countries_cleaned %>% mutate(investment = investment/total_population) %>% select(-working_age_population) %>% select(-total_population)

Thus, our final cleaned data file containing all the data we will use for our analysis is in the ‘countries_cleaned’ dataframe.

kable(countries_cleaned) %>% kable_paper() %>% scroll_box(width = "800px", height = "400px") %>% kable_styling()

country	year	GDP_per_capita	investment	EFI_score	HCI_score	IDI_score
Finland	2007	48414.85	11714.21235	74.0	0.824	6.70
Chile	2007	10502.35	2176.51701	77.7	0.621	3.99
Singapore	2007	39432.94	9612.04768	87.1	0.839	6.47
Croatia	2007	13937.45	3735.59988	53.4	0.689	4.95
Morocco	2007	2499.26	815.56694	56.4	0.466	2.33
Malta	2007	19485.87	4471.74693	66.1	0.671	5.48
Argentina	2007	7245.45	1414.02743	54.0	0.586	4.13
Latvia	2007	14091.05	5108.41273	67.9	0.669	4.95
Moldova	2007	1531.69	522.36466	58.7	0.548	3.11
Israel	2007	24924.33	5055.76157	64.8	0.716	5.93
Romania	2007	8360.17	2954.69813	61.2	0.606	4.11
Brazil	2007	7348.03	1320.14630	56.2	0.529	3.49
Costa Rica	2007	6071.79	1365.10930	64.0	0.589	3.31
Cyprus	2007	31244.93	5756.76173	71.7	0.667	4.91
Cameroon	2007	1194.07	248.11062	55.6	0.375	1.37
Czech Republic	2007	18466.55	5527.63479	67.4	0.724	4.92
Austria	2007	46855.77	10737.95018	71.6	0.741	6.25
Lithuania	2007	12285.45	3514.25755	71.5	0.683	5.22
Norway	2007	85139.96	20085.68279	67.9	0.771	6.78
Slovenia	2007	23787.65	6815.45431	59.6	0.747	5.77
Switzerland	2007	63555.24	15494.39639	78.0	0.772	6.83
Iceland	2007	69054.27	20407.67458	76.0	0.757	7.06
Georgia	2007	2635.35	695.18085	69.3	0.538	2.87
Albania	2007	3595.04	1308.04580	61.4	0.518	2.74
Bahrain	2007	20976.54	7037.89726	71.2	0.594	4.95
Uganda	2007	403.66	88.27674	63.1	0.333	1.21
South Africa	2007	6095.62	1258.56045	63.5	0.423	2.64
Italy	2007	37822.67	8196.67783	62.8	0.760	5.91
Ukraine	2007	3065.61	800.60972	51.5	0.635	3.56
Portugal	2007	22782.09	5128.16348	64.0	0.736	5.32
Mexico	2007	9642.68	2115.95619	66.0	0.582	3.03
Paraguay	2007	2976.83	532.36531	58.3	0.507	2.46
New Zealand	2007	32511.13	7766.91811	81.4	0.779	6.38
Burkina Faso	2007	535.06	97.29163	55.1	0.301	0.93
Oman	2007	15838.49	4540.18037	65.8	0.534	3.17
Hungary	2007	13918.96	3302.96987	64.8	0.694	5.18
Luxembourg	2007	106018.49	19524.99046	74.6	0.704	6.98
Mauritius	2007	6574.65	1577.61718	69.4	0.595	3.30
Chad	2007	799.60	170.97615	50.1	0.281	0.73
Indonesia	2007	1860.00	464.76751	53.2	0.484	2.15
Turkey	2007	9791.65	2730.59721	57.4	0.619	3.63
Spain	2007	32549.97	9728.74426	69.2	0.704	5.84
United States	2007	47975.97	10722.66062	81.2	0.697	6.33
Azerbaijan	2007	3851.44	824.18774	54.6	0.476	2.77
Botswana	2007	5832.73	1655.63679	68.1	0.357	2.08
Madagascar	2007	438.66	115.50393	61.1	0.386	1.27
Zimbabwe	2007	431.79	21.92786	32.0	0.392	1.43
Canada	2007	44543.04	10429.01089	78.0	0.768	6.30
Kazakhstan	2007	6771.41	2032.61206	59.6	0.594	3.17
Colombia	2007	4714.07	1135.02509	59.9	0.572	3.27
Estonia	2007	16741.94	6093.75812	78.0	0.709	5.86
Belgium	2007	44262.90	10352.25915	72.5	0.751	6.10
Senegal	2007	1222.37	251.82300	58.1	0.382	1.34
Algeria	2007	3946.66	1038.94945	55.4	0.528	2.47
France	2007	41508.43	9622.56053	62.1	0.756	6.09
Peru	2007	3606.07	720.68845	62.7	0.527	3.03
Bulgaria	2007	5885.10	1665.86452	62.7	0.649	4.42
Germany	2007	41587.21	8338.76569	70.8	0.769	6.60
Australia	2007	40960.05	11235.09190	81.1	0.755	6.51
Greece	2007	28827.33	7498.52109	58.7	0.720	5.28
Jordan	2007	2735.38	751.77111	64.5	0.559	2.98
Netherlands	2007	51733.44	12025.61688	75.5	0.800	7.06
Malaysia	2007	7243.46	1622.83723	63.8	0.577	3.66
Ireland	2007	61359.74	17602.74260	82.6	0.760	6.14
Uruguay	2007	7026.51	1305.36337	68.4	0.589	3.96
Poland	2007	11254.52	2528.34939	58.1	0.686	4.95
Ecuador	2007	3567.84	741.01387	55.3	0.509	2.73
Saudi Arabia	2007	16516.63	3906.44234	60.9	0.541	3.76
Panama	2007	6166.18	1718.35511	64.6	0.519	3.39
Sweden	2007	53700.01	13008.17701	69.3	0.753	7.27
Japan	2007	35275.23	8515.55847	72.7	0.823	6.89
United Kingdom	2007	50566.83	9132.05329	79.9	0.760	6.70
Namibia	2007	4350.69	957.55894	63.5	0.379	1.95
Benin	2007	964.93	164.59216	55.1	0.358	1.20
Tunisia	2007	3775.75	870.18978	60.3	0.526	2.74
United Arab Emirates	2007	41809.52	9855.76838	62.6	0.605	5.20
Thailand	2007	3973.02	1011.38119	63.5	0.578	3.03
Denmark	2007	58487.05	13752.29616	77.0	0.749	7.18
Finland	2008	53554.04	13117.45211	74.6	0.823	6.92
Chile	2008	10751.48	2746.41204	78.6	0.625	4.14
Singapore	2008	40007.47	11193.65766	87.3	0.843	6.71
Croatia	2008	16296.81	4594.08382	54.1	0.692	5.43
Morocco	2008	2890.36	1009.56246	55.6	0.469	2.60
Malta	2008	22205.36	4449.25727	66.0	0.674	5.68
Argentina	2008	9020.87	1714.88250	54.2	0.588	4.16
Latvia	2008	16422.11	5246.59189	68.3	0.673	5.31
Moldova	2008	2111.20	717.73805	57.9	0.551	3.57
Israel	2008	29567.80	5902.68064	66.3	0.719	6.20
Romania	2008	10435.04	3890.86406	61.7	0.605	4.67
Brazil	2008	8831.02	1713.27074	56.2	0.531	3.72
Costa Rica	2008	6859.08	1638.72808	64.2	0.592	3.45
Cyprus	2008	35397.36	6998.22122	71.3	0.674	5.02
Cameroon	2008	1371.75	332.45966	54.3	0.377	1.40
Czech Republic	2008	22804.58	6669.97486	68.1	0.727	5.42
Austria	2008	51708.77	12017.07001	71.4	0.743	6.41
Lithuania	2008	14945.00	3895.63006	70.9	0.686	5.44
Norway	2008	96944.10	22020.83297	68.6	0.771	7.12
Slovenia	2008	27483.34	8091.91008	60.2	0.750	6.19
Switzerland	2008	72487.85	17390.90639	79.5	0.771	7.06
Iceland	2008	56409.77	14432.75281	75.8	0.756	7.12
Georgia	2008	3324.74	732.71811	69.2	0.543	2.96
Albania	2008	4370.54	1483.76796	62.4	0.528	2.99
Bahrain	2008	23066.53	7963.18315	72.2	0.600	5.16
Uganda	2008	474.52	107.94453	63.8	0.337	1.24
South Africa	2008	5760.81	1354.43895	63.4	0.422	2.71
Italy	2008	40778.34	8669.52814	62.6	0.759	6.10
Ukraine	2008	3887.24	973.35480	51.0	0.636	3.83
Portugal	2008	24847.55	5678.21963	63.9	0.740	5.70
Mexico	2008	10016.57	2319.17494	66.2	0.584	3.26
Paraguay	2008	4041.58	766.15031	60.0	0.509	2.66
New Zealand	2008	31290.25	7087.30055	80.7	0.778	6.65
Burkina Faso	2008	643.40	111.32119	55.7	0.308	0.98
Oman	2008	22139.68	6778.88975	67.3	0.540	3.45
Hungary	2008	15753.47	3681.90551	67.6	0.694	5.47
Luxembourg	2008	114293.84	23164.62713	74.7	0.703	7.34
Mauritius	2008	8030.06	1907.66753	72.6	0.597	3.43
Chad	2008	929.38	198.01388	47.8	0.283	0.80
Indonesia	2008	2166.85	598.80300	53.2	0.488	2.39
Turkey	2008	10940.99	2911.16251	59.9	0.620	3.81
Spain	2008	35366.26	9835.90019	69.1	0.707	6.18
United States	2008	48382.56	10325.75569	81.0	0.699	6.55
Azerbaijan	2008	5574.60	1035.69309	55.3	0.487	2.97
Botswana	2008	5713.53	1747.34958	68.2	0.362	2.25
Madagascar	2008	536.35	202.69191	62.4	0.386	1.20
Zimbabwe	2008	356.69	11.72062	29.5	0.397	1.49
Canada	2008	46594.45	10948.31739	80.2	0.770	6.42
Kazakhstan	2008	8458.02	2270.23159	61.1	0.604	3.39
Colombia	2008	5472.54	1199.23967	62.2	0.575	3.39
Estonia	2008	18227.12	5667.31855	77.9	0.714	5.81
Belgium	2008	48106.89	11577.99371	71.7	0.751	6.31
Senegal	2008	1411.93	315.77162	58.3	0.385	1.46
Algeria	2008	4923.84	1439.35947	56.2	0.529	2.41
France	2008	45334.11	10702.91528	64.7	0.756	6.48
Peru	2008	4220.62	988.74623	63.8	0.533	3.12
Bulgaria	2008	7265.74	2398.07872	63.7	0.649	4.75
Germany	2008	45427.15	9219.32902	70.6	0.769	6.87
Australia	2008	49601.66	14024.05738	82.2	0.757	6.78
Greece	2008	31997.28	7619.74713	60.6	0.718	5.70
Jordan	2008	3455.77	949.31749	64.1	0.559	3.29
Netherlands	2008	57644.48	12769.37840	77.4	0.799	7.30
Malaysia	2008	8474.59	1743.24993	63.9	0.581	3.96
Ireland	2008	61262.10	15179.40736	82.5	0.763	6.43
Uruguay	2008	9091.08	1868.52010	67.9	0.590	4.21
Poland	2008	13996.03	3226.16528	60.3	0.692	5.29
Ecuador	2008	4249.02	950.65782	55.2	0.516	2.87
Saudi Arabia	2008	20078.26	4596.62829	62.5	0.545	4.13
Panama	2008	7154.27	2257.17521	64.7	0.519	3.52
Sweden	2008	56152.55	13774.94580	70.8	0.757	7.53
Japan	2008	39339.30	9448.47458	73.0	0.823	7.01
United Kingdom	2008	47287.00	8251.49322	79.4	0.762	7.03
Namibia	2008	4158.03	1052.72659	61.4	0.384	2.06
Benin	2008	1120.89	177.60485	55.2	0.361	1.27
Tunisia	2008	4307.16	1017.82916	60.1	0.525	2.98
United Arab Emirates	2008	44498.93	9956.14642	62.6	0.611	5.63
Thailand	2008	4379.66	1158.31964	62.3	0.580	3.03
Denmark	2008	64322.06	14758.01870	79.2	0.751	7.46
Finland	2009	47293.99	10856.32985	74.5	0.821	7.19
Chile	2009	10208.91	2293.04347	78.3	0.628	4.65
Singapore	2009	38927.21	11225.61758	87.1	0.846	6.86
Croatia	2009	14540.64	3667.63546	55.1	0.695	5.48
Morocco	2009	2866.92	921.20355	57.7	0.472	3.06
Malta	2009	21083.28	3854.92411	66.1	0.677	6.07
Argentina	2009	8225.14	1281.62053	52.3	0.590	4.71
Latvia	2009	12288.21	2740.77516	66.6	0.678	5.55
Moldova	2009	1899.01	429.10767	54.9	0.554	4.07
Israel	2009	27715.64	5206.51583	67.6	0.722	6.24
Romania	2009	8548.12	2222.30405	63.2	0.604	4.61
Brazil	2009	8597.92	1640.13475	56.7	0.533	4.19
Costa Rica	2009	6760.48	1428.45287	66.4	0.594	4.20
Cyprus	2009	32109.24	5538.21382	70.8	0.682	5.36
Cameroon	2009	1314.71	310.25663	53.0	0.379	1.61
Czech Republic	2009	19861.70	5484.77023	69.4	0.731	5.64
Austria	2009	47963.18	10749.99136	71.2	0.745	6.53
Lithuania	2009	11820.78	2114.14048	70.0	0.689	5.47
Norway	2009	79977.70	18602.88873	70.2	0.771	7.37
Slovenia	2009	24694.23	5958.87047	62.9	0.753	6.17
Switzerland	2009	69927.47	15883.61110	79.4	0.771	7.19
Iceland	2009	41333.42	6256.00877	75.9	0.755	7.57
Georgia	2009	2822.67	443.53512	69.8	0.548	3.63
Albania	2009	4114.14	1345.68869	63.7	0.538	3.42
Bahrain	2009	19355.90	4889.28603	74.8	0.606	5.54
Uganda	2009	796.53	192.25060	63.5	0.342	1.49
South Africa	2009	5862.80	1261.17808	63.8	0.422	3.35
Italy	2009	37079.76	7462.51419	61.4	0.758	6.03
Ukraine	2009	2543.00	442.94385	48.8	0.636	4.06
Portugal	2009	23059.80	4889.04492	64.9	0.743	5.69
Mexico	2009	8002.97	1769.45689	65.8	0.587	3.52
Paraguay	2009	3624.57	672.13207	61.0	0.511	2.94
New Zealand	2009	28205.73	5667.36596	82.0	0.778	6.76
Burkina Faso	2009	624.18	117.29232	59.5	0.314	1.13
Oman	2009	16823.79	5603.36064	67.0	0.547	4.16
Hungary	2009	13046.48	2960.65724	66.8	0.694	5.47
Luxembourg	2009	103198.67	18994.19526	75.2	0.702	7.14
Mauritius	2009	7318.13	1866.93041	74.3	0.600	3.96
Chad	2009	803.69	236.41807	47.5	0.284	0.88
Indonesia	2009	2261.25	704.04662	53.4	0.493	2.79
Turkey	2009	9103.71	2019.02938	61.6	0.622	4.15
Spain	2009	32042.47	7398.14938	70.1	0.710	6.18
United States	2009	47099.98	8866.53337	80.7	0.701	6.88
Azerbaijan	2009	4950.29	931.61735	58.0	0.497	3.83
Botswana	2009	5255.77	1834.77069	69.7	0.367	2.80
Madagascar	2009	467.54	173.72999	62.2	0.386	1.28
Zimbabwe	2009	771.60	76.61363	22.7	0.403	1.97
Canada	2009	40773.06	9129.05405	80.5	0.773	6.68
Kazakhstan	2009	7165.22	1991.33921	60.1	0.614	4.34
Colombia	2009	5193.24	1176.09824	62.3	0.577	3.72
Estonia	2009	14794.97	3336.36345	76.4	0.719	6.25
Belgium	2009	44583.54	10188.49362	72.1	0.752	6.50
Senegal	2009	1317.24	259.33266	56.3	0.388	1.72
Algeria	2009	3883.13	1484.77192	56.6	0.529	2.78
France	2009	41575.42	9179.83576	63.3	0.757	6.61
Peru	2009	4196.31	929.00623	64.6	0.539	3.35
Bulgaria	2009	6988.23	1941.40210	64.6	0.649	4.96
Germany	2009	41485.90	7997.33272	70.5	0.769	6.90
Australia	2009	42772.36	11801.74906	82.6	0.760	6.94
Greece	2009	29710.97	6177.35034	60.8	0.715	5.77
Jordan	2009	3559.69	953.63616	65.4	0.558	3.69
Netherlands	2009	52514.03	11191.50984	77.0	0.799	7.34
Malaysia	2009	7292.49	1602.62462	64.6	0.585	4.36
Ireland	2009	52105.15	10989.42456	82.2	0.767	6.49
Uruguay	2009	9451.93	1771.74770	69.1	0.591	4.82
Poland	2009	11526.06	2471.58828	60.3	0.698	5.50
Ecuador	2009	4231.62	965.02503	52.5	0.524	3.36
Saudi Arabia	2009	16113.14	4168.18389	64.3	0.548	4.62
Panama	2009	7576.14	2194.92562	64.7	0.518	3.81
Sweden	2009	46946.96	10560.14941	70.5	0.761	7.71
Japan	2009	40855.18	9137.26991	72.8	0.823	7.10
United Kingdom	2009	38713.14	6166.07257	79.0	0.764	7.20
Namibia	2009	4240.69	1185.41720	62.4	0.390	2.45
Benin	2009	1084.39	179.63582	55.4	0.365	1.41
Tunisia	2009	4128.46	1004.59833	58.0	0.524	3.29
United Arab Emirates	2009	32024.18	9259.15233	64.7	0.616	5.46
Thailand	2009	4213.01	973.58173	63.0	0.583	3.52
Denmark	2009	58163.28	11730.89323	79.6	0.752	7.64
Finland	2010	46459.97	10358.87287	73.8	0.817	7.96
Chile	2010	12808.03	2760.74832	77.2	0.626	4.90
Singapore	2010	47236.96	12078.35904	86.1	0.847	7.62
Croatia	2010	13949.33	2954.90357	59.2	0.693	5.82
Morocco	2010	2839.93	883.54142	59.2	0.474	3.55
Malta	2010	21799.17	4576.20525	67.2	0.680	6.67
Argentina	2010	10385.96	1728.37676	51.2	0.589	5.02
Latvia	2010	11383.52	2176.60520	66.2	0.676	6.22
Moldova	2010	2437.53	549.03606	53.7	0.556	4.28
Israel	2010	30693.59	5798.13745	67.7	0.718	6.69
Romania	2010	8214.08	2141.61764	64.2	0.600	4.99
Brazil	2010	11286.24	2319.71574	55.6	0.533	4.29
Costa Rica	2010	8141.91	1600.69010	65.9	0.598	4.07
Cyprus	2010	31023.64	5192.73536	70.9	0.686	5.75
Cameroon	2010	1286.52	301.91957	52.3	0.380	1.60
Czech Republic	2010	19960.07	5418.92262	69.8	0.727	6.30
Austria	2010	46858.04	10119.80217	71.6	0.738	6.90
Lithuania	2010	11990.66	2021.53800	70.3	0.688	6.02
Norway	2010	87693.79	18194.97615	69.4	0.771	8.16
Slovenia	2010	23509.54	4956.18472	64.7	0.752	6.69
Switzerland	2010	74605.72	16997.00278	81.1	0.768	7.60
Iceland	2010	43024.92	6047.17897	73.7	0.755	8.19
Georgia	2010	3233.30	611.71785	70.4	0.541	3.76
Albania	2010	4094.35	1163.96025	66.0	0.544	3.65
Bahrain	2010	20722.14	5397.18764	76.3	0.605	5.42
Uganda	2010	819.01	211.66097	62.2	0.344	1.57
South Africa	2010	7328.62	1411.93024	62.8	0.425	3.65
Italy	2010	36000.52	7203.41779	62.7	0.750	6.38
Ukraine	2010	2965.14	505.11267	46.4	0.633	4.41
Portugal	2010	22498.69	4628.84049	64.4	0.743	6.15
Mexico	2010	9271.40	1998.37040	68.3	0.589	3.70
Paraguay	2010	4355.93	928.19221	61.3	0.511	3.11
New Zealand	2010	33700.13	6623.33188	82.1	0.779	7.17
Burkina Faso	2010	647.84	130.36255	59.4	0.320	1.13
Oman	2010	18712.58	4629.91895	67.7	0.548	4.41
Hungary	2010	13191.62	2652.68192	66.1	0.690	5.92
Luxembourg	2010	104965.31	18482.47100	75.4	0.700	7.82
Mauritius	2010	8000.38	1932.69841	76.3	0.600	4.31
Chad	2010	892.57	300.10041	47.5	0.286	0.88
Indonesia	2010	3122.36	967.60502	55.5	0.496	3.11
Turkey	2010	10742.43	2640.78465	63.8	0.627	4.56
Spain	2010	30502.72	6655.66021	69.6	0.708	6.53
United States	2010	48467.52	8922.75034	78.0	0.692	7.30
Azerbaijan	2010	5842.81	1061.44649	58.8	0.497	4.21
Botswana	2010	6434.82	2163.13935	70.3	0.368	2.86
Madagascar	2010	471.96	122.17086	63.2	0.389	1.34
Zimbabwe	2010	948.33	161.32766	21.4	0.410	1.97
Canada	2010	47448.01	11145.45617	80.4	0.774	7.03
Kazakhstan	2010	9070.49	2206.60918	61.0	0.594	4.81
Colombia	2010	6336.71	1396.79917	65.5	0.580	3.91
Estonia	2010	14790.82	3115.43893	74.7	0.726	6.70
Belgium	2010	44141.88	9728.71032	70.1	0.753	6.76
Senegal	2010	1280.23	235.45382	54.6	0.390	1.80
Algeria	2010	4479.34	1625.24779	56.9	0.531	2.99
France	2010	40638.33	8980.81484	64.2	0.757	7.22
Peru	2010	5082.35	1195.03332	67.6	0.545	3.64
Bulgaria	2010	6812.41	1520.35006	62.3	0.637	5.45
Germany	2010	41531.93	8119.64939	71.1	0.761	7.28
Australia	2010	52022.13	14115.99169	82.6	0.755	7.32
Greece	2010	26917.76	4727.57624	62.7	0.715	6.20
Jordan	2010	3736.65	1004.98620	66.1	0.557	3.82
Netherlands	2010	50950.03	10050.92025	75.0	0.797	7.82
Malaysia	2010	9040.57	2028.28716	64.8	0.584	4.85
Ireland	2010	48715.18	8545.29200	81.3	0.766	7.04
Uruguay	2010	11992.02	2286.89011	69.8	0.591	5.19
Poland	2010	12613.01	2555.72211	63.2	0.701	6.38
Ecuador	2010	4633.59	1141.01362	49.3	0.526	3.65
Saudi Arabia	2010	19262.55	4704.34453	64.1	0.548	4.96
Panama	2010	8082.03	2393.37061	64.8	0.513	4.07
Sweden	2010	52869.04	11942.68450	72.4	0.762	8.43
Japan	2010	44507.68	9526.04045	72.9	0.816	7.73
United Kingdom	2010	39435.84	6229.45108	76.5	0.765	7.62
Namibia	2010	5318.01	1344.59551	62.2	0.394	2.63
Benin	2010	1036.53	182.94821	55.4	0.366	1.63
Tunisia	2010	4141.98	1018.34766	58.9	0.525	3.62
United Arab Emirates	2010	33893.30	8392.14256	67.3	0.621	5.38
Thailand	2010	5076.34	1217.95116	64.1	0.585	3.62
Denmark	2010	58041.40	10513.43839	77.9	0.749	8.18
Finland	2011	51082.00	11552.90385	74.0	0.818	7.99
Chile	2011	14637.24	3384.08598	77.4	0.636	5.08
Singapore	2011	53890.43	13615.37082	87.2	0.854	7.55
Croatia	2011	14609.52	2949.54922	61.1	0.700	6.14
Morocco	2011	3046.95	973.91840	59.6	0.477	3.59
Malta	2011	23155.55	4205.54788	65.7	0.683	6.85
Argentina	2011	12848.86	2216.20868	51.7	0.594	5.06
Latvia	2011	13895.16	3051.63674	65.8	0.687	6.00
Moldova	2011	2942.26	681.48666	55.7	0.560	4.46
Israel	2011	33669.25	6888.71451	68.5	0.729	6.70
Romania	2011	9099.22	2479.00932	64.7	0.601	5.05
Brazil	2011	13245.61	2728.91310	56.3	0.537	4.59
Costa Rica	2011	9121.93	1793.56510	67.3	0.599	4.47
Cyprus	2011	32396.39	4665.08993	73.3	0.697	5.71
Cameroon	2011	1405.09	339.86266	51.8	0.382	1.66
Czech Republic	2011	21871.27	5851.62753	70.4	0.738	6.30
Austria	2011	51374.96	11544.83447	71.9	0.750	7.10
Lithuania	2011	14392.53	2656.84518	71.3	0.694	5.79
Norway	2011	100600.56	21602.68503	70.3	0.771	7.97
Slovenia	2011	25095.13	5005.07950	64.6	0.760	6.60
Switzerland	2011	88415.63	20726.96545	81.9	0.769	7.62
Iceland	2011	47516.87	7316.65291	68.2	0.752	8.12
Georgia	2011	4021.74	816.97013	70.4	0.557	4.24
Albania	2011	4437.14	1303.02070	64.0	0.557	3.80
Bahrain	2011	22514.24	4742.99252	77.7	0.617	5.79
Uganda	2011	829.01	213.17847	61.7	0.350	1.72
South Africa	2011	8007.48	1530.73908	62.7	0.421	3.67
Italy	2011	38599.06	7612.06120	60.3	0.756	6.43
Ukraine	2011	3569.76	629.93761	45.8	0.637	4.38
Portugal	2011	23186.91	4271.08803	64.0	0.750	6.07
Mexico	2011	10203.42	2273.20908	67.8	0.592	3.78
Paraguay	2011	5322.96	1116.38926	62.3	0.515	3.10
New Zealand	2011	38437.54	7627.24893	82.3	0.776	7.31
Burkina Faso	2011	751.17	158.60078	60.6	0.328	1.11
Oman	2011	20876.79	4858.17827	69.8	0.561	4.80
Hungary	2011	14216.17	2781.03085	66.6	0.694	5.91
Luxembourg	2011	115761.51	22201.65965	76.2	0.699	7.76
Mauritius	2011	9197.03	2157.57284	76.2	0.605	4.23
Chad	2011	984.74	278.48693	45.3	0.287	0.94
Indonesia	2011	3643.04	1142.31533	56.0	0.502	3.14
Turkey	2011	11420.77	3172.49108	64.2	0.625	4.47
Spain	2011	31636.45	6332.54003	70.2	0.715	6.65
United States	2011	49886.82	9372.28559	77.8	0.706	7.35
Azerbaijan	2011	7189.69	1450.70746	59.7	0.519	4.62
Botswana	2011	7617.33	2440.96060	68.8	0.378	2.83
Madagascar	2011	531.27	131.14833	61.2	0.386	1.28
Zimbabwe	2011	1093.65	160.05309	22.1	0.415	2.16
Canada	2011	52087.45	12289.11643	80.8	0.778	7.14
Kazakhstan	2011	11634.00	2497.20373	62.1	0.634	5.41
Colombia	2011	7335.17	1607.56238	68.0	0.582	3.89
Estonia	2011	17621.55	4620.82207	75.2	0.729	6.74
Belgium	2011	47348.53	10871.27469	70.2	0.754	6.85
Senegal	2011	1373.52	287.24194	55.7	0.395	1.88
Algeria	2011	5462.26	1729.94259	52.4	0.529	2.98
France	2011	43790.73	9825.10998	64.6	0.758	7.26
Peru	2011	5869.32	1370.40081	68.6	0.551	3.58
Bulgaria	2011	7809.43	1635.74500	64.9	0.649	5.50
Germany	2011	46644.78	9504.82917	71.8	0.768	7.33
Australia	2011	62517.83	16293.62618	82.5	0.765	7.54
Greece	2011	25916.29	3956.62358	60.3	0.710	6.21
Jordan	2011	3852.75	955.20475	68.9	0.557	3.90
Netherlands	2011	54159.35	10902.72529	74.7	0.799	7.85
Malaysia	2011	10399.37	2306.90733	66.3	0.593	4.81
Ireland	2011	51848.91	8607.81302	78.7	0.775	7.10
Uruguay	2011	14236.68	2721.84952	70.0	0.593	5.38
Poland	2011	13879.56	2863.65420	64.1	0.709	6.22
Ecuador	2011	5200.56	1342.88527	47.1	0.539	3.73
Saudi Arabia	2011	23745.80	5377.16477	66.2	0.555	5.46
Panama	2011	9358.25	2914.00230	64.9	0.518	4.38
Sweden	2011	60755.76	13863.58843	71.9	0.769	8.41
Japan	2011	48168.00	10560.65335	72.8	0.824	7.77
United Kingdom	2011	42038.57	6481.31067	74.5	0.767	7.63
Namibia	2011	5723.33	1299.11596	62.7	0.401	2.60
Benin	2011	1130.27	206.00729	56.0	0.373	1.57
Tunisia	2011	4264.67	932.12603	58.5	0.521	3.58
United Arab Emirates	2011	39194.68	8401.69017	67.8	0.628	5.68
Thailand	2011	5492.12	1418.96473	64.7	0.589	3.42
Denmark	2011	61753.65	11213.36832	78.6	0.755	8.18
Finland	2012	47710.79	11010.62049	72.3	0.817	8.27
Chile	2012	15351.55	3818.81153	78.3	0.639	5.68
Singapore	2012	55546.49	14680.93042	87.5	0.858	7.85
Croatia	2012	13258.36	2596.27862	60.9	0.703	6.70
Morocco	2012	2912.66	963.62097	60.2	0.480	4.09
Malta	2012	22527.64	3966.21510	67.0	0.687	7.08
Argentina	2012	13082.66	2074.58682	48.0	0.596	5.58
Latvia	2012	13926.35	3503.73048	65.2	0.692	6.84
Moldova	2012	3045.74	719.82746	54.4	0.563	5.44
Israel	2012	32511.24	6818.64732	67.8	0.732	7.25
Romania	2012	8507.10	2342.40424	64.4	0.600	5.52
Brazil	2012	12370.02	2564.13735	57.9	0.539	5.16
Costa Rica	2012	9913.21	2041.93659	68.0	0.602	5.64
Cyprus	2012	28912.16	3412.16946	71.8	0.705	6.09
Cameroon	2012	1354.55	308.34032	51.8	0.384	1.98
Czech Republic	2012	19870.80	5197.28128	69.9	0.741	6.57
Austria	2012	48567.70	11000.23950	70.3	0.752	7.46
Lithuania	2012	14373.06	2490.01325	71.5	0.697	6.50
Norway	2012	101524.14	22715.62056	68.8	0.771	8.35
Slovenia	2012	22643.10	4309.37068	62.9	0.763	6.96
Switzerland	2012	83538.23	19882.80151	81.1	0.768	7.94
Iceland	2012	45910.02	7335.54096	70.9	0.751	8.58
Georgia	2012	4421.82	977.88228	69.4	0.562	4.48
Albania	2012	4247.63	1125.14100	65.1	0.566	4.42
Bahrain	2012	23654.35	6348.19160	75.2	0.623	7.22
Uganda	2012	786.73	197.78979	61.9	0.355	1.90
South Africa	2012	7501.66	1442.40218	62.7	0.421	4.19
Italy	2012	35053.53	6415.88538	58.8	0.755	6.66
Ukraine	2012	3855.42	732.27655	46.1	0.637	4.97
Portugal	2012	20564.89	3254.23340	63.0	0.753	6.57
Mexico	2012	10241.73	2336.40566	65.3	0.594	4.07
Paraguay	2012	5183.08	1012.22383	61.8	0.517	3.56
New Zealand	2012	39982.75	8217.83999	82.1	0.776	7.62
Burkina Faso	2012	758.00	167.93546	60.6	0.334	1.35
Oman	2012	21872.62	4756.98909	67.9	0.568	5.43
Hungary	2012	12950.69	2486.55687	67.1	0.695	6.35
Luxembourg	2012	106749.01	21523.86239	74.5	0.698	8.19
Mauritius	2012	9291.23	2098.21317	77.0	0.607	4.96
Chad	2012	967.35	300.84928	44.8	0.288	1.09
Indonesia	2012	3694.35	1207.47469	56.4	0.507	3.70
Turkey	2012	11795.32	3188.08285	62.5	0.626	5.12
Spain	2012	28324.43	5238.05854	69.1	0.717	7.14
United States	2012	51610.61	10100.97824	76.3	0.708	7.90
Azerbaijan	2012	7496.29	1683.30695	58.9	0.530	5.22
Botswana	2012	7050.57	2554.25901	69.6	0.383	3.94
Madagascar	2012	518.15	121.07018	62.4	0.386	1.43
Zimbabwe	2012	1304.97	158.53217	26.3	0.420	2.68
Canada	2012	52678.39	12905.37348	79.9	0.781	7.37
Kazakhstan	2012	12386.70	2824.55840	63.6	0.644	5.80
Colombia	2012	8050.26	1700.63331	68.0	0.584	4.61
Estonia	2012	17534.42	4996.76023	73.2	0.734	7.54
Belgium	2012	44673.12	10263.86044	69.0	0.755	7.33
Senegal	2012	1329.98	272.81246	55.4	0.398	2.20
Algeria	2012	5591.21	1722.04367	51.0	0.529	3.30
France	2012	40874.70	9183.70018	63.2	0.758	7.73
Peru	2012	6528.97	1635.15014	68.7	0.557	3.92
Bulgaria	2012	7395.85	1569.86244	64.7	0.649	6.12
Germany	2012	43858.36	8915.04710	71.0	0.768	7.72
Australia	2012	68012.15	18650.91837	83.1	0.767	8.03
Greece	2012	22242.68	2808.19672	55.4	0.707	6.70
Jordan	2012	3909.91	828.79000	69.9	0.557	4.48
Netherlands	2012	50073.01	9370.35846	73.3	0.799	8.36
Malaysia	2012	10817.44	2743.67654	66.4	0.596	5.18
Ireland	2012	48917.90	9591.93690	76.9	0.779	7.48
Uruguay	2012	15171.58	3361.01934	69.9	0.594	5.92
Poland	2012	13097.27	2601.41180	64.2	0.715	6.63
Ecuador	2012	5682.05	1532.09782	48.3	0.547	4.28
Saudi Arabia	2012	25243.36	5625.07111	62.5	0.558	6.01
Panama	2012	10722.28	3803.26970	65.2	0.517	4.69
Sweden	2012	58037.82	13236.16448	71.7	0.773	8.68
Japan	2012	48603.48	10890.94171	71.6	0.825	8.15
United Kingdom	2012	42462.77	6577.68581	74.1	0.769	8.28
Namibia	2012	5942.22	1529.96156	61.9	0.406	3.08
Benin	2012	1145.14	185.55896	55.7	0.376	1.75
Tunisia	2012	4152.68	934.02568	58.6	0.520	4.07
United Arab Emirates	2012	40976.50	8528.23973	69.3	0.633	6.27
Thailand	2012	5860.58	1577.33457	64.9	0.592	4.09
Denmark	2012	58507.51	10986.36489	76.2	0.756	8.78
Finland	2013	49878.04	10977.16814	74.0	0.815	8.31
Chile	2013	15842.94	3929.73433	79.0	0.643	5.92
Singapore	2013	56967.43	15693.50928	88.0	0.862	7.90
Croatia	2013	13674.42	2687.88018	61.3	0.705	6.90
Morocco	2013	3121.68	975.64811	59.6	0.483	4.27
Malta	2013	24771.08	4093.14116	67.5	0.690	7.25
Argentina	2013	13080.25	2130.70956	46.7	0.598	5.80
Latvia	2013	15120.78	3481.72681	66.5	0.696	7.03
Moldova	2013	3322.04	765.19371	55.5	0.566	5.72
Israel	2013	36309.47	7417.37065	66.9	0.735	7.29
Romania	2013	9547.85	2358.45561	65.1	0.599	5.83
Brazil	2013	12300.32	2571.67995	57.7	0.541	5.50
Costa Rica	2013	10490.08	2048.30641	67.0	0.604	5.92
Cyprus	2013	27729.19	2949.31690	69.0	0.712	6.11
Cameroon	2013	1465.64	331.47931	52.3	0.385	2.10
Czech Republic	2013	20133.17	5105.74803	70.9	0.745	6.72
Austria	2013	50716.71	11685.22988	71.8	0.754	7.62
Lithuania	2013	15726.63	2897.11106	72.1	0.699	6.74
Norway	2013	102913.45	24214.39544	70.5	0.771	8.39
Slovenia	2013	23496.60	4613.22771	61.7	0.766	7.13
Switzerland	2013	85112.46	20026.34082	81.0	0.767	8.11
Iceland	2013	49522.24	7751.59746	72.1	0.750	8.64
Georgia	2013	4623.75	868.77862	72.2	0.567	4.86
Albania	2013	4413.06	1150.90754	65.2	0.576	4.72
Bahrain	2013	24744.30	6127.60534	75.5	0.629	7.40
Uganda	2013	806.60	245.54762	61.1	0.359	1.94
South Africa	2013	6832.73	1392.09772	61.8	0.421	4.42
Italy	2013	35549.97	6109.51153	60.6	0.754	6.94
Ukraine	2013	4029.71	679.46877	46.3	0.637	5.15
Portugal	2013	21647.04	3193.28152	63.1	0.757	6.67
Mexico	2013	10725.18	2280.62337	67.0	0.597	4.29
Paraguay	2013	5926.83	1127.01475	61.1	0.519	3.71
New Zealand	2013	42962.99	9113.42827	81.4	0.775	7.82
Burkina Faso	2013	787.47	184.91833	59.9	0.341	1.56
Oman	2013	20865.79	5114.36121	68.1	0.575	6.10
Hungary	2013	13687.51	2852.20784	67.3	0.695	6.52
Luxembourg	2013	113625.13	22171.38349	74.2	0.697	8.26
Mauritius	2013	9637.00	2008.62217	76.9	0.610	5.22
Chad	2013	979.81	280.05677	45.2	0.290	1.11
Indonesia	2013	3623.91	1159.62103	56.9	0.512	3.83
Turkey	2013	12614.48	3582.31456	62.9	0.627	5.29
Spain	2013	29059.55	5040.75018	68.0	0.720	7.38
United States	2013	53117.67	10506.53808	76.0	0.710	8.02
Azerbaijan	2013	7875.76	2031.46394	59.7	0.540	5.65
Botswana	2013	7224.97	2420.19623	70.6	0.388	4.01
Madagascar	2013	541.07	106.88658	62.0	0.385	1.42
Zimbabwe	2013	1430.00	131.29368	28.6	0.426	2.89
Canada	2013	52652.59	12741.23040	79.4	0.784	7.62
Kazakhstan	2013	13890.63	3039.57396	63.0	0.654	6.08
Colombia	2013	8218.35	1753.66370	69.6	0.586	4.95
Estonia	2013	19174.10	5315.17317	75.3	0.739	7.68
Belgium	2013	46744.66	10394.81757	69.2	0.756	7.57
Senegal	2013	1376.07	304.30534	55.5	0.401	2.46
Algeria	2013	5498.78	1879.69437	49.6	0.530	3.42
France	2013	42592.93	9394.12628	64.1	0.759	7.87
Peru	2013	6756.75	1709.51230	68.2	0.563	4.00
Bulgaria	2013	7655.13	1627.45787	65.0	0.649	6.31
Germany	2013	46285.76	9213.14931	72.8	0.768	7.90
Australia	2013	68150.11	18981.21547	82.6	0.769	8.18
Greece	2013	21874.82	2659.41003	55.4	0.704	6.85
Jordan	2013	4043.75	787.86700	70.4	0.556	4.62
Netherlands	2013	52184.06	9580.80583	73.5	0.798	8.38
Malaysia	2013	10970.12	2904.56569	66.1	0.600	5.20
Ireland	2013	51590.19	9574.33862	75.7	0.782	7.57
Uruguay	2013	16973.67	3707.47534	69.7	0.595	6.32
Poland	2013	13696.47	2592.49277	66.0	0.721	6.60
Ecuador	2013	6056.33	1668.73808	46.9	0.555	4.56
Saudi Arabia	2013	24844.74	5889.68951	60.6	0.562	6.36
Panama	2013	11889.13	4671.07138	62.5	0.517	4.75
Sweden	2013	61126.94	13749.45718	72.9	0.777	8.67
Japan	2013	40454.45	9415.82643	71.8	0.825	8.22
United Kingdom	2013	43444.53	6814.46700	74.8	0.771	8.50
Namibia	2013	5377.73	1660.95250	60.3	0.412	3.24
Benin	2013	1251.21	259.10396	57.6	0.380	1.84
Tunisia	2013	4222.70	925.28575	57.0	0.519	4.23
United Arab Emirates	2013	42412.63	7724.85467	71.1	0.639	7.03
Thailand	2013	6168.26	1570.19273	64.1	0.595	4.76
Denmark	2013	61191.19	11658.38597	76.1	0.758	8.86
Finland	2014	50260.30	10791.91009	73.4	0.814	8.07
Chile	2014	14671.00	3499.40016	78.7	0.646	5.93
Singapore	2014	57562.53	16191.30910	89.4	0.866	7.89
Croatia	2014	13599.41	2618.58900	60.4	0.708	6.80
Morocco	2014	3171.70	961.05458	58.3	0.486	4.26
Malta	2014	26754.27	4457.21225	66.4	0.693	7.35
Argentina	2014	12334.80	1971.09509	44.6	0.600	6.04
Latvia	2014	15713.54	3583.94490	68.7	0.701	6.89
Moldova	2014	3328.80	861.92326	57.3	0.569	5.62
Israel	2014	37678.89	7548.36337	68.4	0.738	7.36
Romania	2014	10043.68	2446.82474	65.5	0.598	5.90
Brazil	2014	12112.59	2406.74201	56.9	0.543	5.49
Costa Rica	2014	10547.15	2059.06869	66.9	0.607	5.71
Cyprus	2014	27129.63	2681.77813	67.6	0.720	6.60
Cameroon	2014	1542.62	366.21154	52.6	0.387	2.05
Czech Republic	2014	19890.92	5053.01425	72.2	0.749	6.83
Austria	2014	51717.50	11700.89334	72.4	0.757	7.59
Lithuania	2014	16564.96	3125.80577	73.0	0.702	6.76
Norway	2014	97019.18	23164.22540	70.9	0.771	8.35
Slovenia	2014	24214.92	4626.88532	62.7	0.769	7.10
Switzerland	2014	86605.56	20638.32508	81.6	0.766	8.29
Iceland	2014	54241.93	9326.42505	72.4	0.749	8.64
Georgia	2014	4739.19	1035.72674	72.6	0.572	4.97
Albania	2014	4578.63	1106.13646	66.9	0.585	4.57
Bahrain	2014	24989.40	6397.35077	75.1	0.634	7.10
Uganda	2014	879.72	225.16505	59.9	0.363	1.93
South Africa	2014	6433.40	1311.83623	62.5	0.420	4.46
Italy	2014	35518.42	5938.56074	60.9	0.752	6.86
Ukraine	2014	3104.64	416.85890	49.3	0.638	5.10
Portugal	2014	22074.30	3318.11962	63.5	0.760	6.73
Mexico	2014	10928.92	2293.21346	66.8	0.600	4.47
Paraguay	2014	6102.94	1210.04593	62.0	0.521	3.71
New Zealand	2014	44486.20	9938.94641	81.2	0.775	7.92
Burkina Faso	2014	792.85	147.95520	58.9	0.348	1.57
Oman	2014	20035.17	4858.22478	67.4	0.582	5.77
Hungary	2014	14267.01	3146.13882	67.0	0.695	6.57
Luxembourg	2014	118823.65	23725.87533	74.2	0.695	8.33
Mauritius	2014	10153.94	1916.22686	76.5	0.612	5.17
Chad	2014	1020.29	338.46219	44.5	0.291	1.09
Indonesia	2014	3491.62	1136.67986	58.5	0.517	3.76
Turkey	2014	12157.34	3495.96443	64.9	0.629	5.37
Spain	2014	29461.55	5227.95587	67.2	0.723	7.38
United States	2014	55064.74	11184.38180	75.5	0.712	7.93
Azerbaijan	2014	7891.31	2164.61827	61.3	0.551	5.52
Botswana	2014	7780.65	2370.04418	72.0	0.393	3.89
Madagascar	2014	530.86	97.03162	61.7	0.385	1.51
Zimbabwe	2014	1434.90	137.88367	35.5	0.432	2.65
Canada	2014	50893.45	12416.24852	80.2	0.787	7.53
Kazakhstan	2014	12807.26	2760.72167	63.7	0.664	6.05
Colombia	2014	8114.34	1839.56314	70.7	0.589	4.86
Estonia	2014	20367.10	5209.05776	75.9	0.744	7.70
Belgium	2014	47700.54	10884.05563	69.9	0.756	7.51
Senegal	2014	1396.66	327.93047	55.4	0.405	2.36
Algeria	2014	5494.35	2022.76386	50.8	0.530	3.75
France	2014	43011.26	9379.89160	63.5	0.759	7.88
Peru	2014	6672.88	1637.55921	67.4	0.569	4.22
Bulgaria	2014	7876.87	1664.13222	65.7	0.649	6.33
Germany	2014	47959.99	9607.01386	73.4	0.768	7.98
Australia	2014	62510.79	16825.91938	82.0	0.772	8.03
Greece	2014	21760.98	2512.12088	55.7	0.701	6.86
Jordan	2014	4130.88	800.38087	69.2	0.556	4.95
Netherlands	2014	52830.17	9309.21586	74.2	0.798	8.34
Malaysia	2014	11319.08	2940.07399	69.6	0.604	5.62
Ireland	2014	55492.98	11453.00550	76.2	0.786	7.67
Uruguay	2014	16831.97	3608.45903	69.3	0.596	6.32
Poland	2014	14271.31	2841.22785	67.0	0.727	6.67
Ecuador	2014	6377.09	1735.48847	48.0	0.562	4.40
Saudi Arabia	2014	24463.90	6145.48749	62.2	0.565	6.33
Panama	2014	12796.07	5199.34945	63.4	0.516	4.69
Sweden	2014	60020.36	13923.10937	73.1	0.781	8.52
Japan	2014	38109.41	9114.05135	72.4	0.826	8.25
United Kingdom	2014	47425.61	7755.14208	74.9	0.773	8.37
Namibia	2014	5435.17	1924.54633	59.4	0.418	3.23
Benin	2014	1291.41	279.43090	57.1	0.384	1.84
Tunisia	2014	4305.47	875.05075	57.3	0.518	4.35
United Arab Emirates	2014	43751.84	8566.14708	71.4	0.645	6.79
Thailand	2014	5951.88	1461.16095	63.3	0.597	4.77
Denmark	2014	62548.98	11986.67234	76.1	0.759	8.66
Finland	2015	42784.70	9083.18428	73.4	0.812	8.36
Chile	2015	13574.17	3227.29957	78.5	0.650	6.31
Singapore	2015	55646.62	15148.27330	89.4	0.869	8.08
Croatia	2015	11781.73	2303.22687	61.5	0.710	7.00
Morocco	2015	2875.26	828.06294	60.1	0.489	4.47
Malta	2015	24921.60	6030.93890	66.5	0.696	7.52
Argentina	2015	13789.06	2146.23210	44.1	0.602	6.40
Latvia	2015	13774.61	3012.92286	69.7	0.706	7.16
Moldova	2015	2732.46	663.78887	57.5	0.572	5.81
Israel	2015	35776.80	6829.29730	70.5	0.741	7.19
Romania	2015	8969.15	2223.58906	66.6	0.596	6.11
Brazil	2015	8814.00	1569.89887	56.6	0.545	6.03
Costa Rica	2015	11299.14	2103.61848	67.2	0.609	6.20
Cyprus	2015	23333.71	2200.67306	67.9	0.727	6.37
Cameroon	2015	1327.50	305.95449	51.9	0.389	2.19
Czech Republic	2015	17829.70	4731.65377	72.5	0.752	7.21
Austria	2015	44178.05	10026.96217	71.2	0.759	7.67
Lithuania	2015	14258.23	2796.20509	74.7	0.705	7.08
Norway	2015	74355.52	17722.16178	71.8	0.771	8.49
Slovenia	2015	20881.77	3895.40807	60.3	0.772	7.23
Switzerland	2015	82081.60	19559.55740	80.5	0.765	8.56
Iceland	2015	52564.43	10196.76195	72.0	0.747	8.86
Georgia	2015	4014.19	977.54033	73.0	0.577	5.25
Albania	2015	3952.80	965.01596	65.7	0.595	4.73
Bahrain	2015	22634.12	5448.49352	73.4	0.640	7.63
Uganda	2015	843.63	190.15475	59.7	0.368	2.14
South Africa	2015	5734.63	1164.76714	62.6	0.420	4.90
Italy	2015	30230.23	5120.97842	61.7	0.751	7.12
Ukraine	2015	2124.66	273.14320	46.9	0.638	5.23
Portugal	2015	19242.37	2985.88020	65.3	0.764	6.93
Mexico	2015	9616.65	2158.24520	66.4	0.602	4.68
Paraguay	2015	5406.70	1050.26354	61.1	0.523	3.79
New Zealand	2015	38501.22	8808.02957	82.1	0.774	8.14
Burkina Faso	2015	653.33	125.09390	58.6	0.354	1.77
Oman	2015	16028.61	4507.97382	66.7	0.589	6.33
Hungary	2015	12706.89	2819.64834	66.8	0.695	6.82
Luxembourg	2015	101376.50	18461.27796	73.2	0.694	8.59
Mauritius	2015	9260.45	1607.55887	76.4	0.615	5.41
Chad	2015	776.02	215.84960	45.9	0.293	1.17
Indonesia	2015	3331.70	1091.40199	58.1	0.521	3.94
Turkey	2015	11006.25	3247.19113	63.2	0.630	5.58
Spain	2015	25732.02	4629.14797	67.6	0.725	7.66
United States	2015	56839.38	11601.97143	76.2	0.715	8.19
Azerbaijan	2015	5500.31	1530.47805	61.0	0.562	5.79
Botswana	2015	6799.87	2311.06700	69.8	0.398	3.82
Madagascar	2015	467.24	88.58534	61.7	0.385	1.51
Zimbabwe	2015	1445.07	144.44304	37.6	0.438	2.90
Canada	2015	43585.51	10391.31042	79.1	0.789	7.76
Kazakhstan	2015	10510.77	2405.02447	63.3	0.674	6.20
Colombia	2015	6175.88	1443.59755	71.7	0.591	5.32
Estonia	2015	17522.23	4260.77345	76.8	0.750	8.05
Belgium	2015	40991.81	9402.00082	68.8	0.757	7.88
Senegal	2015	1219.25	280.63853	57.8	0.408	2.68
Algeria	2015	4187.51	1769.51214	48.9	0.530	3.71
France	2015	36638.18	7873.98356	62.5	0.760	8.12
Peru	2015	6229.10	1438.21039	67.7	0.575	4.26
Bulgaria	2015	7055.94	1475.29556	66.8	0.649	6.52
Germany	2015	41086.73	8226.56237	73.8	0.768	8.22
Australia	2015	56755.72	14863.96012	81.4	0.774	8.29
Greece	2015	18167.77	2100.11983	54.0	0.699	7.09
Jordan	2015	4164.11	792.33735	69.3	0.555	4.75
Netherlands	2015	45175.23	9976.43260	73.7	0.798	8.53
Malaysia	2015	9955.24	2574.98785	70.8	0.608	5.90
Ireland	2015	61995.42	14915.58278	76.6	0.790	7.82
Uruguay	2015	15613.76	3089.37633	68.6	0.597	6.70
Poland	2015	12578.50	2524.55168	68.6	0.733	6.91
Ecuador	2015	6124.49	1627.83268	49.2	0.570	4.81
Saudi Arabia	2015	20627.93	6147.99317	62.1	0.568	7.05
Panama	2015	13630.31	5374.84437	64.1	0.516	4.87
Sweden	2015	51545.48	12245.91512	72.7	0.785	8.67
Japan	2015	34524.47	8179.89476	73.3	0.826	8.47
United Kingdom	2015	44974.83	7617.14988	75.8	0.774	8.75
Namibia	2015	4869.38	1509.72202	59.6	0.423	3.41
Benin	2015	1076.80	220.69765	58.8	0.388	2.05
Tunisia	2015	3861.69	766.45916	57.7	0.517	4.73
United Arab Emirates	2015	38663.38	9038.75336	72.4	0.650	7.32
Thailand	2015	5840.05	1432.47695	62.4	0.600	5.36
Denmark	2015	53254.86	10571.42416	76.3	0.760	8.88
Finland	2016	43784.28	9958.64096	72.6	0.811	7.83
Chile	2016	13753.59	3126.90680	77.7	0.653	6.28
Singapore	2016	56828.30	14949.87105	87.8	0.873	7.85
Croatia	2016	12361.48	2479.29932	59.1	0.713	6.96
Morocco	2016	2896.72	883.26556	61.3	0.492	4.57
Malta	2016	25617.83	6147.74407	66.7	0.699	7.65
Argentina	2016	12790.24	1825.46980	43.8	0.604	6.68
Latvia	2016	14315.79	2765.29770	70.4	0.710	7.05
Moldova	2016	2880.44	639.70977	57.4	0.575	6.21
Israel	2016	37321.62	7681.05725	70.7	0.744	7.71
Romania	2016	9548.59	2191.11261	65.6	0.595	6.23
Brazil	2016	8710.10	1353.29774	56.5	0.547	5.89
Costa Rica	2016	11666.46	2127.84745	67.4	0.612	6.29
Cyprus	2016	24532.52	3243.68816	68.7	0.735	7.30
Cameroon	2016	1364.33	308.23723	54.2	0.391	2.14
Czech Republic	2016	18575.23	4633.15417	73.2	0.756	7.06
Austria	2016	45276.83	10457.26713	71.7	0.761	7.70
Lithuania	2016	14998.13	2978.28186	75.2	0.708	6.97
Norway	2016	70459.18	17757.95875	70.8	0.771	8.45
Slovenia	2016	21663.64	3764.95047	60.6	0.775	7.20
Switzerland	2016	80172.23	19227.69629	81.0	0.764	8.66
Iceland	2016	61466.80	12977.05154	73.3	0.746	8.78
Georgia	2016	4062.17	1077.39999	72.6	0.582	5.59
Albania	2016	4124.06	1004.94791	65.9	0.605	4.90
Bahrain	2016	22608.48	5824.87419	74.3	0.646	7.46
Uganda	2016	733.43	177.73979	59.3	0.372	1.90
South Africa	2016	5272.54	1023.95525	61.9	0.420	4.91
Italy	2016	30939.71	5311.12137	61.2	0.750	6.84
Ukraine	2016	2187.73	320.62097	46.8	0.638	5.31
Portugal	2016	19978.40	3095.30679	65.1	0.767	6.88
Mexico	2016	8744.52	1994.59390	65.2	0.605	4.87
Paraguay	2016	5319.41	1015.91595	61.5	0.525	4.02
New Zealand	2016	39927.80	9052.37766	81.6	0.773	8.23
Burkina Faso	2016	688.25	139.33722	59.1	0.361	1.74
Oman	2016	14618.73	4824.58373	67.1	0.596	6.14
Hungary	2016	13090.51	2554.73528	66.0	0.695	6.74
Luxembourg	2016	104278.39	18913.54184	73.9	0.693	8.40
Mauritius	2016	9681.62	1669.92416	74.7	0.617	5.51
Chad	2016	693.45	163.95640	46.3	0.294	1.06
Indonesia	2016	3562.85	1162.28288	59.4	0.526	3.85
Turkey	2016	10895.32	3169.56321	62.1	0.631	5.66
Spain	2016	26505.34	4754.31773	68.5	0.728	7.61
United States	2016	57951.58	11766.84391	75.4	0.717	8.13
Azerbaijan	2016	3880.74	971.52696	60.2	0.573	6.25
Botswana	2016	7243.87	2250.31144	71.1	0.403	4.51
Madagascar	2016	475.96	90.32327	61.1	0.385	1.70
Zimbabwe	2016	1464.58	143.64400	38.2	0.443	2.85
Canada	2016	42322.48	9637.35652	78.0	0.792	7.64
Kazakhstan	2016	7714.84	1752.75531	63.6	0.684	6.72
Colombia	2016	5870.78	1299.18307	70.8	0.593	5.12
Estonia	2016	18437.25	4466.61115	77.2	0.755	8.16
Belgium	2016	41984.10	9795.76967	68.4	0.758	7.70
Senegal	2016	1269.90	303.86375	58.1	0.411	2.48
Algeria	2016	3945.48	1699.49436	50.1	0.530	4.32
France	2016	37037.37	8078.04028	62.3	0.760	8.05
Peru	2016	6205.00	1330.78235	67.4	0.581	4.61
Bulgaria	2016	7548.86	1392.97643	65.9	0.649	6.66
Germany	2016	42107.52	8549.01492	74.4	0.768	8.20
Australia	2016	49971.13	12649.38103	80.3	0.777	8.08
Greece	2016	18116.46	2184.83699	53.2	0.696	7.08
Jordan	2016	4176.59	729.42117	68.3	0.555	5.97
Netherlands	2016	46007.85	9218.85527	74.6	0.798	8.40
Malaysia	2016	9817.74	2505.26967	71.5	0.612	6.22
Ireland	2016	63197.08	22501.04356	77.3	0.794	7.90
Uruguay	2016	15387.14	2922.09631	68.8	0.598	6.75
Poland	2016	12447.44	2237.75598	69.3	0.739	6.73
Ecuador	2016	6060.09	1520.86672	48.6	0.578	4.52
Saudi Arabia	2016	19879.30	5178.38105	62.1	0.572	6.87
Panama	2016	14343.96	5501.03317	64.8	0.515	4.80
Sweden	2016	51965.16	12596.88897	72.0	0.789	8.41
Japan	2016	38761.82	9055.50949	73.1	0.826	8.32
United Kingdom	2016	41064.13	7071.92096	76.4	0.776	8.53
Namibia	2016	4523.09	982.43536	61.9	0.429	3.33
Benin	2016	1087.29	214.44027	59.3	0.391	1.92
Tunisia	2016	3697.93	715.23779	57.6	0.515	4.70
United Arab Emirates	2016	38141.85	9326.78874	72.6	0.656	7.18
Thailand	2016	5994.23	1421.23012	63.9	0.603	5.31
Denmark	2016	54664.00	11492.98152	75.3	0.762	8.68
Finland	2017	46336.66	10839.43172	74.0	0.814	7.88
Chile	2017	14999.37	3152.58604	76.5	0.674	6.57
Singapore	2017	60913.75	15491.13768	88.6	0.884	8.05
Croatia	2017	13451.62	2683.92976	59.4	0.723	7.24
Morocco	2017	3036.33	882.11268	61.5	0.500	4.77
Malta	2017	28091.86	6111.00832	67.7	0.701	7.86
Argentina	2017	14613.04	2215.65845	50.4	0.611	6.79
Latvia	2017	15682.22	3233.37333	74.8	0.724	7.26
Moldova	2017	3509.69	782.22904	58.0	0.580	6.45
Israel	2017	40541.86	8383.59225	69.7	0.763	7.88
Romania	2017	10807.80	2421.83512	69.7	0.601	6.48
Brazil	2017	9925.39	1443.46086	52.9	0.560	6.12
Costa Rica	2017	11814.63	2038.13005	65.0	0.619	6.44
Cyprus	2017	26338.69	4052.86944	67.9	0.751	7.77
Cameroon	2017	1425.11	327.39620	51.8	0.394	2.38
Czech Republic	2017	20636.20	5141.77322	73.3	0.782	7.16
Austria	2017	47426.51	11204.73525	72.3	0.793	8.02
Lithuania	2017	16885.41	3396.46449	75.8	0.712	7.19
Norway	2017	75496.75	18542.92333	74.0	0.771	8.47
Slovenia	2017	23512.82	4306.51846	59.2	0.788	7.38
Switzerland	2017	80449.99	19640.69362	81.5	0.767	8.74
Iceland	2017	71310.94	15681.67843	74.4	0.740	8.98
Georgia	2017	4357.00	1110.69234	76.0	0.614	5.79
Albania	2017	4531.02	1113.56519	64.4	0.621	5.14
Bahrain	2017	23742.99	6731.00686	68.5	0.668	7.60
Uganda	2017	747.20	179.71896	60.9	0.382	2.19
South Africa	2017	6131.48	1150.54432	62.3	0.406	4.96
Italy	2017	32406.72	5665.98359	62.5	0.769	7.04
Ukraine	2017	2640.68	394.45190	48.1	0.647	5.62
Portugal	2017	21490.43	3606.94862	62.6	0.776	7.13
Mexico	2017	9287.85	2051.65483	63.6	0.607	5.16
Paraguay	2017	5680.58	1089.90171	62.4	0.533	4.18
New Zealand	2017	42674.06	9864.05192	83.7	0.767	8.33
Burkina Faso	2017	734.99	153.49257	59.6	0.369	1.90
Oman	2017	15130.52	4139.16413	62.1	0.622	6.43
Hungary	2017	14605.85	3238.31282	65.8	0.703	6.93
Luxembourg	2017	107627.15	20191.02405	75.9	0.692	8.47
Mauritius	2017	10484.91	1823.13628	74.7	0.626	5.88
Chad	2017	665.95	136.76997	49.0	0.293	1.27
Indonesia	2017	3837.65	1235.61339	61.9	0.535	4.33
Turkey	2017	10591.47	3156.52315	65.2	0.626	6.08
Spain	2017	28170.17	5258.27397	63.6	0.743	7.79
United States	2017	60062.22	12308.23997	75.1	0.762	8.18
Azerbaijan	2017	4147.09	987.72098	63.6	0.597	6.20
Botswana	2017	7893.23	2297.96415	70.1	0.424	4.59
Madagascar	2017	515.29	93.47113	57.4	0.374	1.68
Zimbabwe	2017	1548.17	149.64444	44.0	0.441	2.92
Canada	2017	45146.11	10261.23883	78.5	0.799	7.77
Kazakhstan	2017	9247.58	2006.49861	69.0	0.746	6.79
Colombia	2017	6376.71	1385.19873	69.7	0.593	5.36
Estonia	2017	20458.46	5093.68830	79.1	0.747	8.14
Belgium	2017	44192.62	10285.57142	67.8	0.757	7.81
Senegal	2017	1361.70	351.66793	55.9	0.418	2.66
Algeria	2017	4111.29	1676.63874	46.5	0.523	4.67
France	2017	38812.16	8734.09742	63.3	0.765	8.24
Peru	2017	6710.51	1382.87445	68.9	0.586	4.85
Bulgaria	2017	8334.08	1530.49101	67.9	0.676	6.86
Germany	2017	44552.82	9097.83783	73.8	0.795	8.39
Australia	2017	54027.97	12925.85195	81.0	0.803	8.24
Greece	2017	18930.22	2441.46357	55.0	0.681	7.23
Jordan	2017	4234.40	764.15589	66.7	0.562	6.00
Netherlands	2017	48675.22	9806.61358	75.8	0.800	8.49
Malaysia	2017	10259.18	2571.25517	73.8	0.622	6.38
Ireland	2017	69822.35	21841.38247	76.7	0.806	8.02
Uruguay	2017	17322.15	2853.54528	69.7	0.600	7.16
Poland	2017	13864.68	2429.89986	68.3	0.747	6.89
Ecuador	2017	6213.50	1578.53358	49.3	0.602	4.84
Saudi Arabia	2017	20803.75	5105.87176	64.4	0.585	6.67
Panama	2017	15150.35	5957.94117	66.3	0.532	4.91
Sweden	2017	53791.51	13521.98087	74.9	0.800	8.41
Japan	2017	38386.51	9149.28981	69.6	0.844	8.43
United Kingdom	2017	40361.42	6963.48691	76.4	0.781	8.65
Namibia	2017	5303.31	939.93859	62.5	0.435	3.89
Benin	2017	1136.59	266.39975	59.2	0.406	1.94
Tunisia	2017	3481.23	655.72095	55.7	0.508	4.82
United Arab Emirates	2017	40644.80	7713.08627	76.9	0.659	7.21
Thailand	2017	6592.91	1517.12492	66.2	0.604	5.67
Denmark	2017	57610.10	12228.15233	75.1	0.774	8.71
Finland	2018	50030.88	12067.07145	74.1	0.814	8.77
Chile	2018	15924.79	3396.65255	75.2	0.665	6.95
Singapore	2018	66188.78	15299.89130	88.8	0.887	8.72
Croatia	2018	15014.09	3057.36206	61.0	0.729	7.86
Morocco	2018	3222.20	930.68907	61.9	0.493	5.22
Malta	2018	30437.22	6418.13264	68.5	0.708	8.38
Argentina	2018	11633.50	1705.45797	52.3	0.617	7.10
Latvia	2018	17858.28	3951.57784	73.6	0.738	7.96
Moldova	2018	4230.36	1028.81858	58.4	0.582	6.86
Israel	2018	41719.73	8946.22724	72.2	0.763	8.26
Romania	2018	12399.89	2610.42231	69.4	0.594	6.93
Brazil	2018	9001.23	1370.12896	51.4	0.546	6.54
Costa Rica	2018	12112.13	2123.21894	65.6	0.603	6.92
Cyprus	2018	28689.71	4084.95003	67.8	0.755	7.58
Cameroon	2018	1534.49	349.58935	51.9	0.393	2.41
Czech Republic	2018	23415.84	6160.61177	74.2	0.765	7.79
Austria	2018	51478.29	12329.59008	71.8	0.769	8.44
Lithuania	2018	19176.18	4017.63663	75.3	0.727	7.78
Norway	2018	81734.47	19766.87884	74.3	0.769	9.13
Slovenia	2018	26115.91	5023.36020	64.8	0.789	7.85
Switzerland	2018	82818.11	19966.34145	81.7	0.766	9.17
Iceland	2018	72968.70	15730.72932	77.0	0.743	9.49
Georgia	2018	4722.79	1187.67003	76.2	0.609	6.03
Albania	2018	5284.38	1262.26971	64.5	0.629	5.48
Bahrain	2018	23991.06	7102.34812	67.7	0.664	8.34
Uganda	2018	770.45	187.59027	62.0	0.382	2.29
South Africa	2018	6372.61	1159.00147	63.0	0.423	5.34
Italy	2018	34615.76	6173.27268	62.5	0.753	7.52
Ukraine	2018	3096.82	517.64656	51.9	0.642	5.93
Portugal	2018	23562.55	4128.75503	63.4	0.783	7.57
Mexico	2018	9686.51	2131.69285	64.8	0.612	5.23
Paraguay	2018	5805.68	1153.59713	62.1	0.528	4.32
New Zealand	2018	42427.58	10018.59056	84.2	0.771	8.85
Burkina Faso	2018	813.10	161.23994	60.0	0.378	1.91
Oman	2018	16521.18	3829.80247	61.0	0.611	7.06
Hungary	2018	16410.19	4066.72199	66.7	0.705	7.45
Luxembourg	2018	116654.26	19612.43080	76.4	0.692	9.28
Mauritius	2018	11208.34	2101.71585	75.1	0.623	6.13
Chad	2018	726.15	151.52943	49.3	0.299	1.26
Indonesia	2018	3893.85	1255.30781	64.2	0.538	4.53
Turkey	2018	9455.59	2806.13186	65.4	0.625	6.34
Spain	2018	30389.36	5919.08748	65.1	0.736	8.34
United States	2018	62996.47	13101.20524	75.7	0.714	8.77
Azerbaijan	2018	4739.84	980.86648	64.3	0.629	6.88
Botswana	2018	8279.60	2503.01786	69.9	0.413	4.75
Madagascar	2018	527.50	99.19796	56.8	0.385	1.70
Zimbabwe	2018	1683.74	156.69262	44.0	0.461	3.20
Canada	2018	46303.91	10441.06681	77.7	0.800	8.21
Kazakhstan	2018	9812.63	2078.00350	69.1	0.777	7.42
Colombia	2018	6716.91	1434.07242	68.9	0.599	5.77
Estonia	2018	23170.71	5696.44480	78.8	0.774	8.87
Belgium	2018	47583.07	11288.99890	67.5	0.763	8.32
Senegal	2018	1465.59	381.65763	55.7	0.421	2.87
Algeria	2018	4153.73	1667.66358	44.7	0.532	4.53
France	2018	41631.09	9542.16826	63.9	0.756	8.90
Peru	2018	6941.24	1457.90369	68.7	0.595	4.92
Bulgaria	2018	9427.73	1771.71653	68.3	0.670	7.42
Germany	2018	47810.51	10107.85955	74.2	0.764	8.85
Australia	2018	57354.96	13969.67372	80.9	0.781	8.90
Greece	2018	20324.30	2250.62509	57.3	0.695	7.74
Jordan	2018	4312.18	755.57024	64.9	0.547	5.95
Netherlands	2018	53044.53	10852.14023	76.2	0.803	9.13
Malaysia	2018	11377.46	2754.17090	74.5	0.633	6.63
Ireland	2018	78621.23	18394.84296	80.4	0.814	8.61
Uruguay	2018	17277.97	2850.49932	69.2	0.602	7.53
Poland	2018	15468.48	2817.66174	68.5	0.760	7.61
Ecuador	2018	6295.94	1610.69474	48.5	0.596	5.24
Saudi Arabia	2018	23338.96	4896.15013	59.6	0.581	7.69
Panama	2018	15592.57	6011.50669	67.0	0.514	5.38
Sweden	2018	54589.06	13758.92438	76.3	0.803	9.17
Japan	2018	39159.42	9483.98432	72.3	0.841	9.17
United Kingdom	2018	43043.23	7282.53829	78.0	0.777	9.31
Namibia	2018	5495.43	916.73707	58.5	0.445	3.86
Benin	2018	1240.83	321.44905	56.7	0.397	2.18
Tunisia	2018	3438.79	638.75733	58.9	0.510	5.19
United Arab Emirates	2018	43839.36	7594.91323	77.6	0.676	7.85
Thailand	2018	7295.48	1656.37973	67.1	0.617	5.77
Denmark	2018	61598.54	13568.54502	76.6	0.771	9.47
Finland	2019	48771.37	11654.15167	74.9	0.806	8.95
Chile	2019	14896.45	3342.80114	75.4	0.664	7.21
Singapore	2019	65233.28	15099.72839	89.4	0.885	8.93
Croatia	2019	14944.36	3141.54231	61.4	0.721	8.13
Morocco	2019	3204.10	908.23833	62.9	0.501	5.46
Malta	2019	29737.25	6436.99706	68.6	0.708	8.64
Argentina	2019	9912.28	1339.38671	52.2	0.610	7.36
Latvia	2019	17819.27	3953.27309	70.4	0.724	8.23
Moldova	2019	4494.02	1153.21970	59.1	0.584	7.17
Israel	2019	43588.71	9095.41359	72.8	0.753	8.49
Romania	2019	12913.07	3051.78100	68.6	0.591	7.19
Brazil	2019	8717.19	1340.91748	51.9	0.553	6.80
Costa Rica	2019	12243.81	1931.80011	65.3	0.619	7.22
Cyprus	2019	27858.37	4040.35615	68.1	0.758	7.83
Cameroon	2019	1507.45	340.27426	52.4	0.396	2.50
Czech Republic	2019	23489.84	6157.45539	73.7	0.766	8.02
Austria	2019	50121.55	12387.49899	72.0	0.768	8.66
Lithuania	2019	19550.73	4178.48815	74.2	0.716	8.04
Norway	2019	75419.63	19633.88966	73.0	0.770	9.33
Slovenia	2019	25940.73	5094.06801	65.5	0.785	8.04
Switzerland	2019	81989.44	19707.81129	81.9	0.762	9.39
Iceland	2019	67084.08	13564.78703	77.1	0.742	9.71
Georgia	2019	4697.98	1129.99257	75.9	0.597	6.30
Albania	2019	5353.24	1205.46069	66.5	0.633	5.71
Bahrain	2019	23503.98	6832.31252	66.4	0.663	8.65
Uganda	2019	794.34	201.21479	59.7	0.385	2.38
South Africa	2019	6001.40	1074.23043	58.3	0.419	5.56
Italy	2019	33225.65	6003.10838	62.2	0.747	7.69
Ukraine	2019	3659.03	624.29782	52.3	0.639	6.14
Portugal	2019	23213.98	4226.94811	65.3	0.777	7.77
Mexico	2019	9946.03	2053.68539	64.7	0.612	5.42
Paraguay	2019	5414.80	1001.65665	61.8	0.530	4.47
New Zealand	2019	41557.80	9598.73878	84.4	0.772	9.08
Burkina Faso	2019	786.90	161.19011	59.4	0.381	2.00
Oman	2019	15343.06	3567.38706	61.0	0.616	7.38
Hungary	2019	16729.78	4555.04553	65.0	0.696	7.67
Luxembourg	2019	114685.17	19358.63882	75.9	0.689	9.52
Mauritius	2019	11099.24	2177.00988	73.0	0.625	6.37
Chad	2019	709.54	151.93694	49.9	0.298	1.30
Indonesia	2019	4135.57	1337.64153	65.8	0.540	4.72
Turkey	2019	9126.56	2361.27183	64.6	0.636	6.58
Spain	2019	29564.74	5876.92144	65.7	0.736	8.58
United States	2019	65297.52	13557.17300	76.8	0.724	8.98
Azerbaijan	2019	4793.13	929.19070	65.4	0.605	7.22
Botswana	2019	7961.33	2510.89918	69.5	0.419	4.97
Madagascar	2019	523.36	110.65084	56.6	0.385	1.75
Zimbabwe	2019	1463.99	140.38473	40.4	0.461	3.34
Canada	2019	46189.66	10214.56329	77.7	0.800	8.38
Kazakhstan	2019	9812.53	2365.43472	65.4	0.714	7.76
Colombia	2019	6428.68	1384.50938	67.3	0.600	5.99
Estonia	2019	23717.80	6217.11302	76.6	0.770	9.16
Belgium	2019	46345.40	11214.75437	67.3	0.761	8.52
Senegal	2019	1446.83	414.60326	56.3	0.421	3.00
Algeria	2019	3973.96	1537.69998	46.2	0.531	4.73
France	2019	40496.36	9574.10818	63.8	0.762	9.16
Peru	2019	6977.70	1477.03440	67.8	0.599	5.09
Bulgaria	2019	9828.15	1838.38879	69.0	0.649	7.70
Germany	2019	46467.52	10073.05528	73.5	0.767	9.06
Australia	2019	55057.20	12773.13164	80.9	0.784	9.12
Greece	2019	19580.99	2235.92909	57.7	0.688	7.96
Jordan	2019	4405.49	752.99212	66.5	0.553	6.20
Netherlands	2019	52295.04	10954.24504	76.8	0.797	9.33
Malaysia	2019	11414.21	2620.62200	74.0	0.623	6.88
Ireland	2019	78778.99	34251.85041	80.5	0.805	8.84
Uruguay	2019	16190.13	2781.99022	68.6	0.601	7.83
Poland	2019	15694.74	2897.36925	67.8	0.756	7.85
Ecuador	2019	6183.82	1543.77834	46.9	0.601	5.45
Saudi Arabia	2019	23139.80	5106.72650	60.7	0.582	8.03
Panama	2019	15731.02	5916.84209	67.2	0.514	5.56
Sweden	2019	51647.99	12647.28370	75.2	0.801	9.33
Japan	2019	40246.88	9567.18537	72.1	0.828	9.39
United Kingdom	2019	42328.90	7211.64704	78.9	0.781	9.54
Namibia	2019	4957.46	800.67983	58.7	0.445	4.01
Benin	2019	1219.43	306.97090	55.3	0.403	2.27
Tunisia	2019	3317.45	586.88142	55.4	0.512	5.40
United Arab Emirates	2019	43103.32	7602.36550	77.6	0.673	8.12
Thailand	2019	7806.74	1766.59206	68.3	0.612	6.02
Denmark	2019	60213.09	13217.06726	76.7	0.766	9.67

Explore the Data

We will know explore our data to spot any immediate relationships. As we will be performing regression analysis it is helpful to get an immediate insight into the relationship between our variables as very high correlations between individual regressors can bias the regression coefficients although, this is purely for insight and not a filter on which variables to include as we won’t be running our regressions on the whole data set.

correlation_analysis_countries = countries_cleaned %>% select(-year) %>% select(-country)
correlations = cor(correlation_analysis_countries)
ggcorrplot(cor(correlation_analysis_countries))

Note that for the purposes of running a regression analysis, only the correlations between independent variables (regressors) are important for assessing multicollinearity.

We can also observe the relationship between the economic growth determinants and GDP per capita in general across all countries to gain an idea of what to expect.

plot(log(countries_cleaned$GDP_per_capita),log(countries_cleaned$investment))

plot(log(countries_cleaned$GDP_per_capita),log(countries_cleaned$HCI_score))

plot(log(countries_cleaned$GDP_per_capita),log(countries_cleaned$IDI_score))

plot(log(countries_cleaned$GDP_per_capita),log(countries_cleaned$EFI_score))

This paper analyses the determinants of economic growth by level of economic development as growth factors are likely to vary across levels of development due to having structurally different economies. We classify countries in our dataset into 4 groups from 1 (most developed) to 4 (least developed) based on their average ranking in the Economic Complexity Index (ECI) over the 13 year dataset period.

G1_countries = countries_cleaned %>% filter(country %in% c('Austria', 'Belgium', 'Switzerland', 'Czech Republic', 'Germany', 'Denmark', 'Finland', 'France', 'United Kingdom', 'Hungary', 'Ireland', 'Italy', 'Japan', 'Mexico', 'Singapore', 'Slovenia', 'Sweden', 'United States', 'Luxembourg'))

G2_countries = countries_cleaned %>% filter(country %in% c('Bulgaria', 'Canada', 'Cyprus', 'Spain', 'Estonia', 'Croatia', 'Israel', 'Lithuania', 'Latvia', 'Malaysia', 'Netherlands', 'Norway', 'Panama', 'Poland', 'Portugal', 'Romania', 'Thailand', 'Turkey', 'Iceland', 'Malta'))

G3_countries = countries_cleaned %>% filter(country %in% c('Albania', 'United Arab Emirates', 'Argentina', 'Australia', 'Bahrain', 'Brazil', 'Chile', 'Colombia', 'Costa Rica', 'Georgia', 'Greece', 'Indonesia', 'Jordan', 'Moldova', 'Mauritius', 'Namibia', 'New Zealand', 'Saudi Arabia', 'Tunisia', 'Ukraine', 'Uruguay', 'South Africa'))

G4_countries = countries_cleaned %>% filter(country %in% c('Azerbaijan', 'Burkina Faso', 'Botswana', 'Cameroon', 'Algeria', 'Ecuador', 'Kazakhstan', 'Morocco', 'Madagascar', 'Oman', 'Peru', 'Paraguay', 'Senegal', 'Uganda', 'Zimbabwe'))

The following table shows the countries in each group.

country_groups_table <- data.frame(Country = c("1", "2", "3", "4","5","6","7","8","9","10","11","12","13","14","15","16","17","18","19","20","21","22"), Group1_Countries = c('Austria', 'Belgium', 'Switzerland', 'Czech Republic', 'Germany', 'Denmark', 'Finland', 'France', 'United Kingdom', 'Hungary', 'Ireland', 'Italy', 'Japan', 'Mexico', 'Singapore', 'Slovenia', 'Sweden', 'United States', 'Luxembourg', '', '', ''), Group2_Countries = c('Bulgaria', 'Canada', 'Cyprus', 'Spain', 'Estonia', 'Croatia', 'Israel', 'Lithuania', 'Latvia', 'Malaysia', 'Netherlands', 'Norway', 'Panama', 'Poland', 'Portugal', 'Romania', 'Thailand', 'Turkey', 'Iceland', 'Malta', '', ''), Group3_Countries = c('Albania', 'United Arab Emirates', 'Argentina', 'Australia', 'Bahrain', 'Brazil', 'Chile', 'Colombia', 'Costa Rica', 'Georgia', 'Greece', 'Indonesia', 'Jordan', 'Moldova', 'Mauritius', 'Namibia', 'New Zealand', 'Saudi Arabia', 'Tunisia', 'Ukraine', 'Uruguay', 'South Africa'), Group4_Countries = c('Azerbaijan', 'Burkina Faso', 'Botswana', 'Cameroon', 'Algeria', 'Ecuador', 'Kazakhstan', 'Morocco', 'Madagascar', 'Oman', 'Peru', 'Paraguay', 'Senegal', 'Uganda', 'Zimbabwe', '', '', '', '', '', '', ''))

kable(country_groups_table, caption = "List of countries in each group") %>% kable_styling()

List of countries in each group
Country	Group1_Countries	Group2_Countries	Group3_Countries	Group4_Countries
1	Austria	Bulgaria	Albania	Azerbaijan
2	Belgium	Canada	United Arab Emirates	Burkina Faso
3	Switzerland	Cyprus	Argentina	Botswana
4	Czech Republic	Spain	Australia	Cameroon
5	Germany	Estonia	Bahrain	Algeria
6	Denmark	Croatia	Brazil	Ecuador
7	Finland	Israel	Chile	Kazakhstan
8	France	Lithuania	Colombia	Morocco
9	United Kingdom	Latvia	Costa Rica	Madagascar
10	Hungary	Malaysia	Georgia	Oman
11	Ireland	Netherlands	Greece	Peru
12	Italy	Norway	Indonesia	Paraguay
13	Japan	Panama	Jordan	Senegal
14	Mexico	Poland	Moldova	Uganda
15	Singapore	Portugal	Mauritius	Zimbabwe
16	Slovenia	Romania	Namibia
17	Sweden	Thailand	New Zealand
18	United States	Turkey	Saudi Arabia
19	Luxembourg	Iceland	Tunisia
20		Malta	Ukraine
21			Uruguay
22			South Africa

The number of observations for each group:

nrow(G1_countries)

## [1] 247

nrow(G2_countries)

## [1] 260

nrow(G3_countries)

## [1] 286

nrow(G4_countries)

## [1] 195

As we can see, we have the least data for the least developed countries which is to be expected.

Methodology

Multiple Linear Regression Model

Multiple linear regression analysis is used for each group of countries to analyze the relative importance of economic growth determinants. For each regression the natural logarithm of all variables is taken as the figures for different factors vary greatly in magnitude and so this can help reduce the impact of heteroskedasticity. By having panel data, fixed effects regression analysis can be used to control for heterogenous time-invariant attributes across countries. The Hausman test (Hausman, 1978) is used to decide whether to use fixed or random effects where the null hypothesis is that the preferred model is random effects and fixed effects being the preferred model under the alternative hypothesis. This test essentially analyses whether the unique errors are correlated with the regressors, which the null hypothesis argues are not. For each regression the p-value is less than 0.05 and so at the 5% significance level the null hypothesis is rejected and a fixed effects model is adopted. Tests to include time effects are similarly conducted with the conclusion being that time effects should be included in all models at the 5% significance level.

fixedG1 <- plm(log(GDP_per_capita) ~ log(investment) + log(EFI_score) + log(IDI_score) + log(HCI_score), data=G1_countries, index=c("country", "year"), model="within")
randomG1 <- plm(log(GDP_per_capita) ~ log(investment) + log(EFI_score) + log(IDI_score) + log(HCI_score), data=G1_countries, index=c("country", "year"), model="random")
phtest(fixedG1, randomG1)

## 
##  Hausman Test
## 
## data:  log(GDP_per_capita) ~ log(investment) + log(EFI_score) + log(IDI_score) +  ...
## chisq = 2096.9, df = 4, p-value < 0.00000000000000022
## alternative hypothesis: one model is inconsistent

Therefore, as the p-value < 0.05, we can reject the null hypothesis at the 5% significance level and conclude that we should use a fixed effects model.

fixedG2 <- plm(log(GDP_per_capita) ~ log(investment) + log(EFI_score) + log(IDI_score) + log(HCI_score), data=G2_countries, index=c("country", "year"), model="within")
randomG2 <- plm(log(GDP_per_capita) ~ log(investment) + log(EFI_score) + log(IDI_score) + log(HCI_score), data=G2_countries, index=c("country", "year"), model="random")
phtest(fixedG2, randomG2)

## 
##  Hausman Test
## 
## data:  log(GDP_per_capita) ~ log(investment) + log(EFI_score) + log(IDI_score) +  ...
## chisq = 63.376, df = 4, p-value = 0.0000000000005656
## alternative hypothesis: one model is inconsistent

Therefore, as the p-value < 0.05, we can reject the null hypothesis at the 5% significance level and conclude that we should use a fixed effects model.

fixedG3 <- plm(log(GDP_per_capita) ~ log(investment) + log(EFI_score) + log(IDI_score) + log(HCI_score), data=G3_countries, index=c("country", "year"), model="within")
randomG3 <- plm(log(GDP_per_capita) ~ log(investment) + log(EFI_score) + log(IDI_score) + log(HCI_score), data=G3_countries, index=c("country", "year"), model="random")
phtest(fixedG3, randomG3)

## 
##  Hausman Test
## 
## data:  log(GDP_per_capita) ~ log(investment) + log(EFI_score) + log(IDI_score) +  ...
## chisq = 52.996, df = 4, p-value = 0.00000000008538
## alternative hypothesis: one model is inconsistent

Therefore, as the p-value < 0.05, we can reject the null hypothesis at the 5% significance level and conclude that we should use a fixed effects model.

fixedG4 <- plm(log(GDP_per_capita) ~ log(investment) + log(EFI_score) + log(IDI_score) + log(HCI_score), data=G4_countries, index=c("country", "year"), model="within")
randomG4 <- plm(log(GDP_per_capita) ~ log(investment) + log(EFI_score) + log(IDI_score) + log(HCI_score), data=G4_countries, index=c("country", "year"), model="random")
phtest(fixedG4, randomG4)

## 
##  Hausman Test
## 
## data:  log(GDP_per_capita) ~ log(investment) + log(EFI_score) + log(IDI_score) +  ...
## chisq = 105.62, df = 4, p-value < 0.00000000000000022
## alternative hypothesis: one model is inconsistent

Therefore, as the p-value < 0.05, we can reject the null hypothesis at the 5% significance level and conclude that we should use a fixed effects model.

Now we similarly test as to whether we should include time effects in the model:

fixed.timeG1 <- plm(log(GDP_per_capita) ~ log(investment) + log(EFI_score) + log(IDI_score) + log(HCI_score) + factor(year), data=G1_countries, index=c("country","year"), model="within")
pFtest(fixed.timeG1, fixedG1)

## 
##  F test for individual effects
## 
## data:  log(GDP_per_capita) ~ log(investment) + log(EFI_score) + log(IDI_score) +  ...
## F = 7.1893, df1 = 12, df2 = 212, p-value = 0.00000000005602
## alternative hypothesis: significant effects

Therefore, as the p-value < 0.05, we can reject the null hypothesis at the 5% significance level and conclude that we should include time effects.

fixed.timeG2 <- plm(log(GDP_per_capita) ~ log(investment) + log(EFI_score) + log(IDI_score) + log(HCI_score) + factor(year), data=G2_countries, index=c("country","year"), model="within")
pFtest(fixed.timeG2, fixedG2)

## 
##  F test for individual effects
## 
## data:  log(GDP_per_capita) ~ log(investment) + log(EFI_score) + log(IDI_score) +  ...
## F = 5.1125, df1 = 12, df2 = 224, p-value = 0.0000001532
## alternative hypothesis: significant effects

Therefore, as the p-value < 0.05, we can reject the null hypothesis at the 5% significance level and conclude that we should include time effects.

fixed.timeG3 <- plm(log(GDP_per_capita) ~ log(investment) + log(EFI_score) + log(IDI_score) + log(HCI_score) + factor(year), data=G3_countries, index=c("country","year"), model="within")
pFtest(fixed.timeG3, fixedG3)

## 
##  F test for individual effects
## 
## data:  log(GDP_per_capita) ~ log(investment) + log(EFI_score) + log(IDI_score) +  ...
## F = 6.5507, df1 = 12, df2 = 248, p-value = 0.000000000377
## alternative hypothesis: significant effects

Therefore, as the p-value < 0.05, we can reject the null hypothesis at the 5% significance level and conclude that we should include time effects.

fixed.timeG4 <- plm(log(GDP_per_capita) ~ log(investment) + log(EFI_score) + log(IDI_score) + log(HCI_score) + factor(year), data=G4_countries, index=c("country","year"), model="within")
pFtest(fixed.timeG4, fixedG4)

## 
##  F test for individual effects
## 
## data:  log(GDP_per_capita) ~ log(investment) + log(EFI_score) + log(IDI_score) +  ...
## F = 5.0605, df1 = 12, df2 = 164, p-value = 0.0000003818
## alternative hypothesis: significant effects

Therefore, as the p-value < 0.05, we can reject the null hypothesis at the 5% significance level and conclude that we should include time effects.

Therefore, each regression model includes both time and country fixed effects. There are no further control variables but by using fixed effects multiple linear regression analysis, the regressor coefficients will automatically show the associated impact of each economic growth determinant on output while controlling for all the other growth factors and exogenous time-invariant heterogeneities across countries as well as variables which are constant across countries but vary over time. Thus, formally, the entity and time fixed effects regression model for each group of countries is as follows:

\[ln(y_{it})= β_0+β_1ln(k_{it})+β_2ln(h_{it})+β_3ln(z_{p_{it}})+β_4ln(z_{s_{it}})+γ_2D2_i+...+γ_nDn_i+δ_2 B2_t+...+δ_T BT_t+e_{it}\]

where:

\(γ_n Dn_i\) = Dummy variable for nth country in dataset. These country dummy variables control for unobserved time-invariant heterogeneities across countries.

\(δ_t BT_t\) = Dummy variable for year t in dataset. These time dummy variables control for variables that are constant across entities but vary over time.

\(e_{it}\) = Residual error term between the true observed value and the model’s fitted value.

There are only n−1 country and t-1 time dummies (i.e. \(γ_1 D1_i\) and \(δ_1 B1_t\) are omitted) as the regression model already includes an intercept \(β_0\).

The regression model can be simplified in notation as follows:

\[ln(y_{it})=β_1ln(k_{it})+β_2ln(h_{it})+β_3ln(z_{p_{it}})+β_4ln(z_{s_{it}})+α_i+δ_t+e_{it}\]

where: \(α_i\) = Entity fixed effect i.e. country-specific intercepts that capture time-invariant heterogeneities across countries e.g. country climates, cultures.

\(δ_t\) = Time fixed effect i.e. time-specific intercepts that capture differences in log GDP per capita that vary across time periods but not across individual countries e.g. global macroeconomic conditions like the impact of the Covid-19 pandemic.

To estimate the regression coefficients: \((β_0,β_1,β_2,β_3,β_4 )\) we use the ordinary least squares (OLS) method with fixed effects. The OLS method minimizes the sum of the squares of the residuals (differences between observed dependent variables and the values predicted by the function of independent variables and fixed effects) which mathematically is as follows:

\[min(∑_ie_{it}^2 )=min(∑_i(ln(y_{it})-\hat{ln(y_{it})} )^2 )\] \[\sum_{i} [ln(y_{it})-(β_0+β_1ln(k_{it})+β_2ln(h_{it})+β_3ln(z_{p_{it}})+β_4ln(z_{s_{it}})+γ_2D2_i+...+γ_nDn_i+δ_2 B2_t+...+δ_T BT_t)]^2\]

\[\sum_{i} [ln(y_{it})-(β_1ln(k_{it})+β_2ln(h_{it})+β_3ln(z_{p_{it}})+β_4ln(z_{s_{it}})+α_i+δ_t)]^2\]

Provided the fixed effects regression assumptions hold, the sampling distribution of the OLS estimator in the fixed effects regression model is normal in large samples. Thus, the variance of the estimates can be estimated and standard errors, t-statistics and confidence intervals computed for the coefficients.

Testing Regression Assumptions

The following regression assumptions must hold for the best inference from the fixed effects regression models:

No multicollinearity
1. Linearity
2. Normally distributed errors
3. Independent error terms (no autocorrelation)
4. Homoskedasticity (constant error variance)
5. No exogeneity

The following measures are used to test if the regression models satisfy each assumption.

Assumption 1: Multicollinearity

While multicollinearity does not reduce the predictive power of a model it alters the coefficients of individual regressors of which we are interested in knowing for measuring the importance of each of the economic growth determinants as countries develop. The Pearson correlation coefficient between regressors is used to test for multicollinearity with a maximum permitted correlation coefficient of 0.75, otherwise at least one of the regressors is dropped from the model.

Assumption 2: Linearity

Linearity means the dependent variable is a linear combination of the regression coefficients and predictor variables. This ensures we are using the correct functional form to model the relationship between the dependent variable (GDP per capita) and the predictor variables (the economic growth determinants). A plot of the residuals versus predicted GDP per capita value from the regression model is used to test for linearity. If the residuals are plotted fairly evenly around the zero line, then the model exhibits an acceptable degree of linearity.

Assumption 3: Normality of error terms

Non-normality of error terms will impact the standard error of regression coefficients which impacts whether a growth determinant is statistically significant. To assess the normality of error terms a histogram and Q-Q plot of the residuals is used. If there is normality, the histogram should display a normal distribution. A Q-Q plot is a scatterplot created by plotting two sets of quantiles against one another. If both sets of quantiles come from the same distribution i.e. the error terms are normally distributed, the points should form a line that’s roughly straight.

Assumption 4: Independent Error Terms (No Autocorrelation)

Autocorrelation is a degree of similarity between a given time series and a lagged version of itself over successive time intervals. If a regression model exhibits autocorrelation, this impacts the standard errors of the coefficients thereby impacting whether a regressor term is statistically significant. The Breusch-Godfrey test (Breusch, 1978) is used to test for autocorrelated errors in the regression model. The Breusch-Godfrey test has the following null and alternative hypotheses:

\(H_0\): no autocorrelation exists

\(H_1\): autocorrelation exists

If the p-value < 0.05, then at the 5% significance level the null hypothesis is rejected, and we conclude that autocorrelation exists.

Assumption 5: Constant Error Variance (Homoskedasticity)

Heteroskedasticity is when the standard deviations of a predicted variable, as calculated over different values of an independent variable(s) or as related to prior time periods is not constant. With homoskedasticity, the Gaussian Markov theorem ensures that each least-squares estimator is the best linear unbiased estimator. To have homoskedasticity, all the variances of the error terms must be constant and not depend on the covariates, which means that each probability distribution of the response variable has the same variance regardless of the covariates. Mathematically, this is expressed as follows:

\[E(e│x)=0\] \[E(e^2│X)= σ^2\] \[∴Var(e│X)=E(e^2│X)-E(e│X)^2=σ^2\]

If heteroskedasticity is present, this impacts the standard errors of regressor coefficients and thus whether a regressor variable is statistically significant. The Breusch-Pagan test is used to test for heteroskedasticity (Breusch; Pagan, 1979) which has the following null and alternative hypotheses:

\(H_0\): the error variances are all equal

\(H_1\): the error variances are not equal

If the p-value < 0.05, then at the 5% significance level the null hypothesis is rejected, and we conclude that heteroskedasticity exists. Most of the fixed effects regression models in this paper exhibit both heteroskedasticity and autocorrelation. This means that while the regressor coefficients are still unbiased the standard errors are wrong (usually understating the true uncertainty). To correct for this, clustered standard errors are used which are a form of heteroskedasticity and autocorrelation-consistent standard errors. Clustered standard errors allow the regression error terms to have an arbitrary correlation within a grouping but assume that the regression errors are uncorrelated across groups. Clustered standard errors are still valid whether or not there is heteroskedasticity, autocorrelation or both. Clustered standard errors are generated in R using the vcovHC function from the sandwich library.

Assumption 6: No Exogeneity

Despite using the most common important economic growth determinants as control variables for one another and including country and time fixed effects, the regression models cannot control for omitted variables that vary both across countries and time. However, this paper assumes that the overall impact of such exogenous omitted variables is small.

Regression Analysis

We now test whether the regression models satisfy the necessary assumptions.

Most Developed (Group 1) Countries

The initial fixed effects regression model for group 1 countries is given by the following code:

reg_G1_fixed <- plm(log(GDP_per_capita) ~ log(investment) + log(EFI_score) + log(IDI_score) + log(HCI_score), data=G1_countries, index=c("country", "year"), model="within", effects="twoways")

Assumption 1: Multicollinearity

The Pearson correlation coefficient between regressors is used to test for multicollinearity and keep only those growth determinants with a correlation coefficient less than 0.75.

corr_analysis_countriesG1 = countries_cleaned %>% filter(country %in% c('Austria', 'Belgium', 'Switzerland', 'Czech Republic', 'Germany', 'Denmark', 'Finland', 'France', 'United Kingdom', 'Hungary', 'Ireland', 'Italy', 'Japan', 'Mexico', 'Singapore', 'Slovenia', 'Sweden', 'United States', 'Luxembourg')) %>% mutate(GDP_per_capita = log(GDP_per_capita)) %>% mutate(investment = log(investment)) %>% mutate(EFI_score = log(EFI_score)) %>% mutate(IDI_score = log(IDI_score)) %>% mutate(HCI_score = log(HCI_score)) %>% select(-year) %>% select(-country) 
cor(corr_analysis_countriesG1, method="pearson")

##                GDP_per_capita investment EFI_score HCI_score IDI_score
## GDP_per_capita      1.0000000  0.9675161 0.5774627 0.5079794 0.7136771
## investment          0.9675161  1.0000000 0.6108746 0.5550177 0.6785159
## EFI_score           0.5774627  0.6108746 1.0000000 0.3970563 0.3924941
## HCI_score           0.5079794  0.5550177 0.3970563 1.0000000 0.6641941
## IDI_score           0.7136771  0.6785159 0.3924941 0.6641941 1.0000000

As all the independent variables have correlations less than 0.75 we do not need to remove any growth determinants.

Assumption 2: Linearity

We plot the residual vs fitted values to test for linearity in the regression model.

resid_plot_G1_fixed = ggplot(G1_countries, aes(x= as.matrix(log(G1_countries$GDP_per_capita) - residuals(reg_G1_fixed), idbyrow = TRUE), y= as.matrix(residuals(reg_G1_fixed), idbyrow = TRUE))) + geom_point() + geom_hline(yintercept=0) + labs(x="Fitted Variable (predicted log GDP per capita from Group 1 countries fixed effects regression model)", y="Residual")
resid_plot_G1_fixed

## Warning: Use of `G1_countries$GDP_per_capita` is discouraged. Use `GDP_per_capita`
## instead.

As the residual vs fitted plot shows, there is a fairly even distribution around the 0-line indicating that our model has good functional form.

Assumption 3: Normality of error terms

Plot of histogram of the error terms:

hist(residuals(reg_G1_fixed))

Q-Q plot of error terms:

qqnorm(residuals(reg_G1_fixed), ylab = 'Residuals')

The error terms of the regression model display a roughly normal distribution as shown by the histogram and Q-Q plot.

Assumption 4: Independent Error Terms (No Autocorrelation) Test

The Breusch-Godfrey test returns:

pbgtest(reg_G1_fixed)

## 
##  Breusch-Godfrey/Wooldridge test for serial correlation in panel models
## 
## data:  log(GDP_per_capita) ~ log(investment) + log(EFI_score) + log(IDI_score) +     log(HCI_score)
## chisq = 76.088, df = 13, p-value = 0.00000000005966
## alternative hypothesis: serial correlation in idiosyncratic errors

Therefore, at the 5% significance level there is sufficient evidence to reject the null hypothesis and conclude that the regression model exhibits autocorrelation which will thus be corrected for using robust standard errors.

Assumption 5: Constant Error Variance (Homoskedasticity) Test

The Breusch-Pagan test returns:

bptest(reg_G1_fixed)

## 
##  studentized Breusch-Pagan test
## 
## data:  reg_G1_fixed
## BP = 1.0872, df = 4, p-value = 0.8963

Therefore, at the 5% significance level there is insufficient evidence to reject the null hypothesis and thus we can conclude that the regression model does not have heteroskedasticity.

Developed (Group 2) Countries

Our initial fixed effects regression model for group 2 countries is given by the following code:

reg_G2_fixed <- plm(log(GDP_per_capita) ~ log(investment) + log(EFI_score) + log(IDI_score) + log(HCI_score), data=G2_countries, index=c("country", "year"), model="within", effects="twoways")

Assumption 1: Multicollinearity

The Pearson correlation coefficient between regressors is used to test for multicollinearity and keep only those growth determinants with a correlation coefficient less than 0.75.

corr_analysis_countriesG2 = countries_cleaned %>% filter(country %in% c('Bulgaria', 'Canada', 'Cyprus', 'Spain', 'Estonia', 'Croatia', 'Israel', 'Lithuania', 'Latvia', 'Malaysia', 'Netherlands', 'Norway', 'Panama', 'Poland', 'Portugal', 'Romania', 'Thailand', 'Turkey', 'Iceland', 'Malta')) %>% mutate(GDP_per_capita = log(GDP_per_capita)) %>% mutate(investment = log(investment)) %>% mutate(EFI_score = log(EFI_score)) %>% mutate(IDI_score = log(IDI_score)) %>% mutate(HCI_score = log(HCI_score)) %>% select(-year) %>% select(-country) 
cor(corr_analysis_countriesG2, method="pearson")

##                GDP_per_capita investment EFI_score HCI_score IDI_score
## GDP_per_capita      1.0000000  0.9504520 0.5760025 0.7578345 0.7184349
## investment          0.9504520  1.0000000 0.5649833 0.6188324 0.6116635
## EFI_score           0.5760025  0.5649833 1.0000000 0.4979387 0.5572681
## HCI_score           0.7578345  0.6188324 0.4979387 1.0000000 0.7823195
## IDI_score           0.7184349  0.6116635 0.5572681 0.7823195 1.0000000

HCI is removed due to multicollinearity.

 reg_G2_fixed <- plm(log(GDP_per_capita) ~ log(investment) + log(EFI_score) + log(IDI_score), data=G2_countries, index=c("country", "year"), model="within", effects="twoways")

Assumption 2: Linearity

We plot the residual vs fitted values to test for linearity in the regression model.

resid_plot_G2_fixed = ggplot(G2_countries, aes(x= as.matrix(log(G2_countries$GDP_per_capita) - residuals(reg_G2_fixed), idbyrow = TRUE), y= as.matrix(residuals(reg_G2_fixed), idbyrow = TRUE))) + geom_point() + geom_hline(yintercept=0) + labs(x="Fitted Variable (predicted log GDP per capita from Group 2 countries fixed effects regression model)", y="Residual")
resid_plot_G2_fixed

## Warning: Use of `G2_countries$GDP_per_capita` is discouraged. Use `GDP_per_capita`
## instead.

As the residual vs fitted plot shows, there is a fairly even distribution around the 0-line indicating that our model has good functional form.

Assumption 3: Normality of error terms

Plot of histogram of the error terms:

hist(residuals(reg_G2_fixed))

Q-Q plot of error terms:

qqnorm(residuals(reg_G2_fixed), ylab = 'Residuals')

The error terms of the regression model display a roughly normal distribution as shown by the histogram and Q-Q plot.

Assumption 4: Independent Error Terms (No Autocorrelation) Test

The Breusch-Godfrey test returns:

pbgtest(reg_G2_fixed)

## 
##  Breusch-Godfrey/Wooldridge test for serial correlation in panel models
## 
## data:  log(GDP_per_capita) ~ log(investment) + log(EFI_score) + log(IDI_score)
## chisq = 117.66, df = 13, p-value < 0.00000000000000022
## alternative hypothesis: serial correlation in idiosyncratic errors

Assumption 5: Constant Error Variance (Homoskedasticity) Test

The Breusch-Pagan test returns:

bptest(reg_G2_fixed)

## 
##  studentized Breusch-Pagan test
## 
## data:  reg_G2_fixed
## BP = 4.764, df = 3, p-value = 0.1899

Therefore, at the 5% significance level there is sufficient evidence to reject the null hypothesis and conclude that the regression model exhibits heteroskedasticity which will thus be corrected for using robust standard errors.

Less Developed (Group 3) Countries

Our initial fixed effects regression model for group 2 countries is given by the following code:

reg_G3_fixed <- plm(log(GDP_per_capita) ~ log(investment) + log(EFI_score) + log(IDI_score) + log(HCI_score), data=G3_countries, index=c("country", "year"), model="within", effects="twoways")

Assumption 1: Multicollinearity

The Pearson correlation coefficient between regressors is used to test for multicollinearity and keep only those growth determinants with a correlation coefficient less than 0.75.

corr_analysis_countriesG3 = countries_cleaned %>% filter(country %in% c('Albania', 'United Arab Emirates', 'Argentina', 'Australia', 'Bahrain', 'Brazil', 'Chile', 'Colombia', 'Costa Rica', 'Georgia', 'Greece', 'Indonesia', 'Jordan', 'Moldova', 'Mauritius', 'Namibia', 'New Zealand', 'Saudi Arabia', 'Tunisia', 'Ukraine', 'Uruguay', 'South Africa')) %>% mutate(GDP_per_capita = log(GDP_per_capita)) %>% mutate(investment = log(investment)) %>% mutate(EFI_score = log(EFI_score)) %>% mutate(IDI_score = log(IDI_score)) %>% mutate(HCI_score = log(HCI_score)) %>% select(-year) %>% select(-country) 
cor(corr_analysis_countriesG3, method="pearson")

##                GDP_per_capita investment EFI_score HCI_score IDI_score
## GDP_per_capita      1.0000000  0.9695265 0.5138992 0.6302457 0.6972739
## investment          0.9695265  1.0000000 0.5891720 0.5908814 0.6131862
## EFI_score           0.5138992  0.5891720 1.0000000 0.3986155 0.3217410
## HCI_score           0.6302457  0.5908814 0.3986155 1.0000000 0.7218330
## IDI_score           0.6972739  0.6131862 0.3217410 0.7218330 1.0000000

As all the independent variables have correlations less than 0.75 no variables are removed.

Assumption 2: Linearity

We plot the residual vs fitted values to test for linearity in the regression model.

resid_plot_G3_fixed = ggplot(G3_countries, aes(x= as.matrix(log(G3_countries$GDP_per_capita) - residuals(reg_G3_fixed), idbyrow = TRUE), y= as.matrix(residuals(reg_G3_fixed), idbyrow = TRUE))) + geom_point() + geom_hline(yintercept=0) + labs(x="Fitted Variable (predicted log GDP per capita from Group 3 countries fixed effects regression model)", y="Residual")
resid_plot_G3_fixed

## Warning: Use of `G3_countries$GDP_per_capita` is discouraged. Use `GDP_per_capita`
## instead.

As the residual vs fitted plot shows, there is a fairly even distribution around the 0-line indicating that our model has good functional form.

Assumption 3: Normality of error terms

Plot of histogram of the error terms:

hist(residuals(reg_G3_fixed))

Q-Q plot of error terms:

qqnorm(residuals(reg_G3_fixed), ylab = 'Residuals')

The error terms of the regression model display a roughly normal distribution as shown by the histogram and Q-Q plot.

Assumption 4: Independent Error Terms (No Autocorrelation) Test

The Breusch-Godfrey test returns:

pbgtest(reg_G3_fixed)

## 
##  Breusch-Godfrey/Wooldridge test for serial correlation in panel models
## 
## data:  log(GDP_per_capita) ~ log(investment) + log(EFI_score) + log(IDI_score) +     log(HCI_score)
## chisq = 103.19, df = 13, p-value = 0.0000000000000003979
## alternative hypothesis: serial correlation in idiosyncratic errors

Assumption 5: Constant Error Variance (Homoskedasticity) Test

The Breusch-Pagan test returns:

bptest(reg_G3_fixed)

## 
##  studentized Breusch-Pagan test
## 
## data:  reg_G3_fixed
## BP = 11.743, df = 4, p-value = 0.01937

Least Developed (Group 4) Countries

Our initial fixed effects regression model for group 2 countries is given by the following code:

reg_G4_fixed <- plm(log(GDP_per_capita) ~ log(investment) + log(EFI_score) + log(IDI_score) + log(HCI_score), data=G4_countries, index=c("country", "year"), model="within", effects="twoways")

Assumption 1: Multicollinearity

The Pearson correlation coefficient between regressors is used to test for multicollinearity and keep only those growth determinants with a correlation coefficient less than 0.75.

corr_analysis_countriesG4 = countries_cleaned %>% filter(country %in% c('Azerbaijan', 'Burkina Faso', 'Botswana', 'Cameroon', 'Algeria', 'Ecuador', 'Kazakhstan', 'Morocco', 'Madagascar', 'Oman', 'Peru', 'Paraguay', 'Senegal', 'Uganda', 'Zimbabwe', 'Burkina Faso', 'Cameroon')) %>% mutate(GDP_per_capita = log(GDP_per_capita)) %>% mutate(investment = log(investment)) %>% mutate(EFI_score = log(EFI_score)) %>% mutate(IDI_score = log(IDI_score)) %>% mutate(HCI_score = log(HCI_score)) %>% select(-year) %>% select(-country) 
cor(corr_analysis_countriesG4, method="pearson")

##                GDP_per_capita investment EFI_score HCI_score IDI_score
## GDP_per_capita      1.0000000  0.9671826 0.3364193 0.8100206 0.8666488
## investment          0.9671826  1.0000000 0.4392903 0.7478245 0.8216275
## EFI_score           0.3364193  0.4392903 1.0000000 0.1373786 0.2081729
## HCI_score           0.8100206  0.7478245 0.1373786 1.0000000 0.8703283
## IDI_score           0.8666488  0.8216275 0.2081729 0.8703283 1.0000000

As IDI has a correlation coefficient over 0.75 with both physical capital per capita and HCI, IDI is removed from the regression model. Thus, the new fixed effects regression model is given by:

 reg_G4_fixed <- plm(log(GDP_per_capita) ~ log(investment) + log(EFI_score) + log(HCI_score), data=G4_countries, index=c("country", "year"), model="within", effects="twoways")

Assumption 2: Linearity

We plot the residual vs fitted values to test for linearity in the regression model.

resid_plot_G4_fixed = ggplot(G4_countries, aes(x= as.matrix(log(G4_countries$GDP_per_capita) - residuals(reg_G4_fixed), idbyrow = TRUE), y= as.matrix(residuals(reg_G4_fixed), idbyrow = TRUE))) + geom_point() + geom_hline(yintercept=0) + labs(x="Fitted Variable (predicted log GDP per capita from Group 4 countries fixed effects regression model)", y="Residual")
resid_plot_G4_fixed

## Warning: Use of `G4_countries$GDP_per_capita` is discouraged. Use `GDP_per_capita`
## instead.

As the residual vs fitted plot shows, there is a fairly even distribution around the 0 line indicating that our model has good functional form.

Assumption 3: Normality of error terms

Plot of histogram of the error terms:

hist(residuals(reg_G4_fixed))

Q-Q plot of error terms:

qqnorm(residuals(reg_G4_fixed), ylab = 'Residuals')

The error terms of the regression model display a roughly normal distribution as shown by the histogram and Q-Q plot.

Assumption 4: Independent Error Terms (No Autocorrelation) Test

The Breusch-Godfrey test returns:

pbgtest(reg_G4_fixed)

## 
##  Breusch-Godfrey/Wooldridge test for serial correlation in panel models
## 
## data:  log(GDP_per_capita) ~ log(investment) + log(EFI_score) + log(HCI_score)
## chisq = 83.223, df = 13, p-value = 0.000000000002721
## alternative hypothesis: serial correlation in idiosyncratic errors

Assumption 5: Constant Error Variance (Homoskedasticity) Test

The Breusch-Pagan test returns:

bptest(reg_G4_fixed)

## 
##  studentized Breusch-Pagan test
## 
## data:  reg_G4_fixed
## BP = 26.337, df = 3, p-value = 0.000008108

Results

As each of the regression models have now been altered to satisfy all the necessary regression assumptions, the coefficients and standard errors are reliable. Note that the p-values for each independent variable tests the null hypothesis that the regressor has no correlation with the dependent variable. If there is no correlation, then there is no association between the changes in the independent variable and shifts in the dependent variable i.e. insufficient evidence to conclude that there is an effect at the population level. This paper uses a 5% significance level to test if an independent variable is statistically significant.

Most Developed (Group 1) Countries

The full summary table for all the regressor coefficients and supplementary statistics:

summary(reg_G1_fixed)

## Oneway (individual) effect Within Model
## 
## Call:
## plm(formula = log(GDP_per_capita) ~ log(investment) + log(EFI_score) + 
##     log(IDI_score) + log(HCI_score), data = G1_countries, model = "within", 
##     index = c("country", "year"), effects = "twoways")
## 
## Balanced Panel: n = 19, T = 13, N = 247
## 
## Residuals:
##        Min.     1st Qu.      Median     3rd Qu.        Max. 
## -0.18293121 -0.02998604  0.00045275  0.03286511  0.14972063 
## 
## Coefficients:
##                 Estimate Std. Error t-value              Pr(>|t|)    
## log(investment) 0.478102   0.022971 20.8130 < 0.00000000000000022 ***
## log(EFI_score)  0.345102   0.158242  2.1809              0.030236 *  
## log(IDI_score)  0.110814   0.038657  2.8666              0.004545 ** 
## log(HCI_score)  0.356388   0.291205  1.2238              0.222299    
## ---
## Signif. codes:  0 '***' 0.001 '**' 0.01 '*' 0.05 '.' 0.1 ' ' 1
## 
## Total Sum of Squares:    1.9619
## Residual Sum of Squares: 0.58946
## R-Squared:      0.69955
## Adj. R-Squared: 0.67005
## F-statistic: 130.389 on 4 and 224 DF, p-value: < 0.000000000000000222

Adjusting for autocorrelation by using clustered standard errors we have the final coefficient table:

coeftest(reg_G1_fixed, vcov = vcovHC, type = "HC1")

## 
## t test of coefficients:
## 
##                 Estimate Std. Error t value       Pr(>|t|)    
## log(investment) 0.478102   0.078260  6.1092 0.000000004387 ***
## log(EFI_score)  0.345102   0.223040  1.5473       0.123211    
## log(IDI_score)  0.110814   0.040414  2.7420       0.006601 ** 
## log(HCI_score)  0.356388   0.520763  0.6844       0.494457    
## ---
## Signif. codes:  0 '***' 0.001 '**' 0.01 '*' 0.05 '.' 0.1 ' ' 1

We thus have the following regression model:

\[ln(y_{it})=0.478ln(k_{it})+0.356ln(h_{it})+0.111ln(z_{p_{it}})+0.345ln(z_{s_{it}})+α_i+δ_t+e_{it}\]

However, only capital per worker and physical productivity are statistically significant.

Therefore, in the most developed countries: A 5% increase in investment is associated, on average, with a 2.36% increase (2dp) in GDP per capita holding all other variables constant. A 5% increase in physical productivity is associated, on average, with a 0.54% increase (2dp) in GDP per capita holding all other variables constant.

The adjusted \(R^2\) of the regression model is: 0.67005.

Developed (Group 2) Countries

The full summary table for all the regressor coefficients and supplementary statistics:

summary(reg_G2_fixed)

## Oneway (individual) effect Within Model
## 
## Call:
## plm(formula = log(GDP_per_capita) ~ log(investment) + log(EFI_score) + 
##     log(IDI_score), data = G2_countries, model = "within", index = c("country", 
##     "year"), effects = "twoways")
## 
## Balanced Panel: n = 20, T = 13, N = 260
## 
## Residuals:
##       Min.    1st Qu.     Median    3rd Qu.       Max. 
## -0.1957890 -0.0354597  0.0050607  0.0404851  0.1407737 
## 
## Coefficients:
##                 Estimate Std. Error t-value            Pr(>|t|)    
## log(investment) 0.484998   0.018775 25.8321 <0.0000000000000002 ***
## log(EFI_score)  0.232258   0.145564  1.5956              0.1119    
## log(IDI_score)  0.369310   0.032905 11.2236 <0.0000000000000002 ***
## ---
## Signif. codes:  0 '***' 0.001 '**' 0.01 '*' 0.05 '.' 0.1 ' ' 1
## 
## Total Sum of Squares:    5.3321
## Residual Sum of Squares: 0.99909
## R-Squared:      0.81263
## Adj. R-Squared: 0.79524
## F-statistic: 342.625 on 3 and 237 DF, p-value: < 0.000000000000000222

Adjusting for heteroskedasticity and autocorrelation by using clustered standard errors we have the final coefficient table:

coeftest(reg_G2_fixed, vcov = vcovHC, type = "HC1")

## 
## t test of coefficients:
## 
##                 Estimate Std. Error t value              Pr(>|t|)    
## log(investment) 0.484998   0.031805 15.2489 < 0.00000000000000022 ***
## log(EFI_score)  0.232258   0.230766  1.0065                0.3152    
## log(IDI_score)  0.369310   0.065208  5.6635         0.00000004275 ***
## ---
## Signif. codes:  0 '***' 0.001 '**' 0.01 '*' 0.05 '.' 0.1 ' ' 1

We thus have the following regression model:

\[ln(y_{it})=0.485ln(k_{it})+0.369ln(z_{p_{it}})+0.232ln(z_{s_{it}})+α_i+δ_t+e_{it}\]

However, only capital per worker and physical productivity are statistically significant.

Therefore, in group 2 developed countries: A 5% increase in investment is associated, on average, with a 2.39% increase (2dp) in GDP per capita holding all other variables constant. A 5% increase in physical productivity is associated, on average, with a 1.91% increase (2dp) in GDP per capita holding all other variables constant.

The adjusted \(R^2\) of the regression model is: 0.79469.

Less Developed (Group 3) Countries

The full summary table for all the regressor coefficients and supplementary statistics:

summary(reg_G3_fixed)

## Oneway (individual) effect Within Model
## 
## Call:
## plm(formula = log(GDP_per_capita) ~ log(investment) + log(EFI_score) + 
##     log(IDI_score) + log(HCI_score), data = G3_countries, model = "within", 
##     index = c("country", "year"), effects = "twoways")
## 
## Balanced Panel: n = 22, T = 13, N = 286
## 
## Residuals:
##       Min.    1st Qu.     Median    3rd Qu.       Max. 
## -0.2471625 -0.0495284  0.0021785  0.0571561  0.1896138 
## 
## Coefficients:
##                   Estimate Std. Error t-value            Pr(>|t|)    
## log(investment)  0.5595072  0.0219947 25.4383 <0.0000000000000002 ***
## log(EFI_score)   0.0062484  0.1257740  0.0497              0.9604    
## log(IDI_score)   0.4103559  0.0313670 13.0824 <0.0000000000000002 ***
## log(HCI_score)  -0.1805835  0.2375740 -0.7601              0.4479    
## ---
## Signif. codes:  0 '***' 0.001 '**' 0.01 '*' 0.05 '.' 0.1 ' ' 1
## 
## Total Sum of Squares:    8.8703
## Residual Sum of Squares: 1.6358
## R-Squared:      0.81559
## Adj. R-Squared: 0.79786
## F-statistic: 287.477 on 4 and 260 DF, p-value: < 0.000000000000000222

Adjusting for heteroskedasticity and autocorrelation by using clustered standard errors we have the final coefficient table:

coeftest(reg_G3_fixed, vcov = vcovHC, type = "HC1")

## 
## t test of coefficients:
## 
##                   Estimate Std. Error t value              Pr(>|t|)    
## log(investment)  0.5595072  0.0442448 12.6457 < 0.00000000000000022 ***
## log(EFI_score)   0.0062484  0.2251412  0.0278                0.9779    
## log(IDI_score)   0.4103559  0.0693647  5.9159         0.00000001036 ***
## log(HCI_score)  -0.1805835  0.4155118 -0.4346                0.6642    
## ---
## Signif. codes:  0 '***' 0.001 '**' 0.01 '*' 0.05 '.' 0.1 ' ' 1

We thus have the following regression model:

\[ln(y_{it})=0.560ln(k_{it})-0.181ln(h_{it})+0.410ln(z_{p_{it}})+0.006ln(z_{s_{it}})+α_i+δ_t+e_{it}\]

However, only capital per worker and physical productivity are statistically significant.

Therefore, in less developed countries: A 5% increase in investment is associated, on average, with a 2.77% increase (2dp) in GDP per capita holding all other variables constant. A 5% increase in physical productivity is associated, on average, with a 2.02% increase (2dp) in GDP per capita holding all other variables constant.

The adjusted \(R^2\) of the regression model is: 0.79786.

Least Developed (Group 4) Countries

The full summary table for all the regressor coefficients and supplementary statistics:

summary(reg_G4_fixed)

## Oneway (individual) effect Within Model
## 
## Call:
## plm(formula = log(GDP_per_capita) ~ log(investment) + log(EFI_score) + 
##     log(HCI_score), data = G4_countries, model = "within", index = c("country", 
##     "year"), effects = "twoways")
## 
## Balanced Panel: n = 15, T = 13, N = 195
## 
## Residuals:
##       Min.    1st Qu.     Median    3rd Qu.       Max. 
## -0.3199559 -0.0532180  0.0056404  0.0546306  0.1997657 
## 
## Coefficients:
##                 Estimate Std. Error t-value              Pr(>|t|)    
## log(investment) 0.581034   0.025701 22.6073 < 0.00000000000000022 ***
## log(EFI_score)  0.472326   0.097647  4.8371           0.000002852 ***
## log(HCI_score)  0.282886   0.154743  1.8281               0.06922 .  
## ---
## Signif. codes:  0 '***' 0.001 '**' 0.01 '*' 0.05 '.' 0.1 ' ' 1
## 
## Total Sum of Squares:    7.8599
## Residual Sum of Squares: 1.6704
## R-Squared:      0.78747
## Adj. R-Squared: 0.76706
## F-statistic: 218.61 on 3 and 177 DF, p-value: < 0.000000000000000222

Adjusting for heteroskedasticity and autocorrelation by using clustered standard errors we have the final coefficient table:

coeftest(reg_G4_fixed, vcov = vcovHC, type = "HC1")

## 
## t test of coefficients:
## 
##                 Estimate Std. Error t value              Pr(>|t|)    
## log(investment) 0.581034   0.056032 10.3698 < 0.00000000000000022 ***
## log(EFI_score)  0.472326   0.096429  4.8982           0.000002172 ***
## log(HCI_score)  0.282886   0.307897  0.9188                0.3595    
## ---
## Signif. codes:  0 '***' 0.001 '**' 0.01 '*' 0.05 '.' 0.1 ' ' 1

We thus have the following regression model (as physical productivity was dropped from the regression model due to multicollinearity):

\[ln(y_{it})=0.581ln(k_{it})+0.283ln(h_{it})+0.472ln(z_{s_{it}})+α_i+δ_t+e_{it}\]

However, only capital per worker and physical productivity are statistically significant.

Therefore, in the least developed countries: A 5% increase in investment is associated, on average, with a 2.88% increase (2dp) in GDP per capita holding all other variables constant. A 5% increase in social productivity is associated, on average, with a 2.33% increase (2dp) in GDP per capita holding all other variables constant.

The adjusted \(R^2\) of the regression model is: 0.76706.

Results Summary

The associated impact on percentage growth in GDP per capita for a 5% increase in each economic growth determinant while holding all other determinants constant and accounting for country and time fixed effects is shown below for all 4 country groups.

summary_table <- data.frame(Economic_Growth_Determinant = c("Physical Capital per Capita", "Social Productivity ", "Physical Productivity", "Human Capital per Capita"), Group4_Countries = c("2.88%", "2.33%","Variable Removed"," Statistically Insignificant "), Group3_Countries = c("2.77%"," Statistically Insignificant ","2.02%", " Statistically Insignificant "), Group2_Countries = c("2.39%"," Statistically Insignificant ","1.82%","Variable Removed"), Group1_Countries = c("2.36%"," Statistically Insignificant ","0.54%"," Statistically Insignificant "))
kable(summary_table, caption = 'Results Summary') %>% kable_styling()

Results Summary
Economic_Growth_Determinant	Group4_Countries	Group3_Countries	Group2_Countries	Group1_Countries
Physical Capital per Capita	2.88%	2.77%	2.39%	2.36%
Social Productivity	2.33%	Statistically Insignificant	Statistically Insignificant	Statistically Insignificant
Physical Productivity	Variable Removed	2.02%	1.82%	0.54%
Human Capital per Capita	Statistically Insignificant	Statistically Insignificant	Variable Removed	Statistically Insignificant

There are several interesting results from this study. The key points are:

• All economic growth determinants exhibit individual decreasing returns to scale i.e. a 5% increase in any growth factor will result in a less than 5% associated increase in output ceteris paribus. This supports the view that economic growth determinants are complementary in causing economic growth as is assumed by the Cobb-Douglas production function used in neoclassical growth models.

• There is evidence to support conditional convergence. Less developed countries have higher output growth rates all else equal when increasing any statistically significant economic growth factor and thus in the long run they should grow faster than more developed countries.

• There is positive but diminishing marginal returns to physical capital increases as countries develop as originally posited by the Solow model.

• Contrary to what is assumed by neoclassical production functions, this paper finds evidence to suggest that there is positive but diminishing marginal returns to physical productivity increases as countries develop (at least in the short-term) rather than it being an exogenous constant.

• Surprisingly, human capital seems to be a statistically insignificant growth determinant across most countries.

Role of Physical Capital

There is evidence to support the positive but diminishing marginal returns to physical capital as countries develop which supports the economic growth models of (labour-augmented) Solow-Swan. Physical capital is also the only economic growth determinant that is statistically significant across all levels of development.

Role of Human Capital

Human capital seems to be a statistically insignificant growth determinant across most countries. However, this surprising result is likely due to 2 factors. The first is the lack of available data, there was the least data available for the HCI than any other growth factor. The HCI is a fairly new index which has significant amounts of missing data which were interpolated via linear regression. This interpolation is likely to reduce the significance of human capital in the regression analysis, particularly in less developed economies whose GDP per capita rates fluctuate a lot more from year-to-year than developed economies (whose rates of growth are instead more linear). Nevertheless, the HCI is still the best available dataset for the time period assessed in this paper as it has a more holistic view of human capital and more frequent data available compared to other publicly available human capital proxies. Secondly, the 13-year time period in this paper is too short to fully observe the returns on output from improvements in human capital.

Role of Physical Productivity

There is positive but diminishing marginal returns to physical productivity increases as countries develop. This is an important observation as most economic growth models rely on exogenous technology improvements to drive growth and such technology improvements have resulted in large growth during periods of great technological change like the industrial revolution. However, for how long can economies rely on technology improvements, are technology levels bounded? Technology levels still have lots of unfulfilled potential and society is no way near any upper bound on technology levels if one even exists. However, over the short-term, the gains from technological advancement appear to be diminishing with development. This makes some intuitive sense as for example, the gain from everyone having access to a laptop when they previously had no laptop is likely higher than the gain from everyone having access to a faster laptop when they already had a laptop. However, over the longer term (likely decades) there are periods when major technological breakthroughs are made whereby the returns on investment in technology are likely much higher such as at the start of the industrial or digital revolution. Essentially, when you are exploring (but likely not founding due to potentially high start-up costs) a new technology there is the potential for higher returns on investment into technology, however when you are simply improving pre-existing technologies then the returns will likely be lower. What likely happened over the sample period of 2007-2019 was that there were no major breakthroughs which had become commercially available for use and developed countries simply improved pre-existing technologies whilst developing countries began to acquire and catch up with the technology levels of more developed countries by imitation and importing products which were both easy to do during this period of hyper globalization, connectivity and easy access to information. This meant the returns on physical productivity improvements were higher in less developed countries and thus diminishing with development. Although, further research is required is to test this hypothesis.

Research and Policy Recommendations

Research Recommendations

As mentioned throughout this paper, there are some areas where further research is required. One is to repeat the regression analysis with a more complete dataset for human capital which will likely only become available with time as more data is recorded. Repeating the dataset over a longer period will also help fully observe the impact of human capital on output. Secondly, further research could be carried out to test the hypotheses outlined in this paper regarding the explanation for positive but diminishing returns of physical productivity in the short run compared to its impact over the long run and if social productivity is only important for growth before reaching a certain threshold.

Policy Recommendations

When issuing policy advice, one should reiterate that the regression analysis does not explicitly show a causal relationship but rather quantifies the associated impact on output from increasing an economic growth determinant in countries of different levels of development. Nevertheless, the results from this study suggest that least developed countries should focus on institutional and if possible cultural reforms to improve their social productivity. Meanwhile, all other more developed nations should focus on investment and physical productivity with the former always having a relatively larger impact on output which intuitively makes sense as investment can immediately boost output while physical productivity takes longer to observe the impact on output (but is arguably more important over the long run). Also note that the results of this paper do not necessarily mean that human capital is irrelevant, as explained previously, more complete data sets on human capital are needed in order to confirm the statistical insignificance observed in this study’s dataset.

Conclusion

Overall, this paper sought to analyze how the factors which influence economic growth change over time as economies develop and structurally change using fixed effects multiple linear regression analysis. The results of this paper do lend support to pre-existing economic growth models which assume complementary economic growth factors, some of which have positive but diminishing marginal returns like physical capital in the Solow-Swan model. However, due to the more in-depth study of the role of TFP in this paper, the results do not fully support a model like Solow-Swan because if TFP behaves in the long-run like it is found to behave in the short-run in this study, then physical productivity and with it TFP (if social productivity becomes insignificant) would have positive but diminishing marginal returns as countries develop which could thus potentially be endogenized into the growth model or at least would not be a constant value as assumed in neoclassical production functions like Solow-Swan. In addition, this paper has shown merit in dividing TFP into its two components of physical and social productivity as they have different evolutions and relative importance depending on an economy’s level of development. Ultimately, this study has shown the relative importance of different economic growth determinants as countries develop and indicates to policy makers in those respective countries which growth factors they should be focusing on. Although, as this paper suggests, growth factors are complimentary and so while a country can pay particular attention to its relatively most important growth factor, this should not detract attention from other growth factors as improvements are needed on all fronts to sustain economic growth, particularly if one seeks output to rise by more than the overall increase in growth determinants.

References

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Appendices

Appendix I

The theoretically implied total factor productivity (TFP) level in an economy can be derived via growth accounting techniques and compared against the TFP implied value from combining the proxy datasets for physical productivity (IDI) and social productivity (EFI) to assess whether these datasets are good proxies for overall TFP. Using a neoclassical Cobb-Douglas production function, output per capita (\(y\)) can be written as a function of TFP, physical capital per capita (\(k\)) and human capital per capita (\(h\)): \[y=Ak^α h^{(1-α)}\] where in our instance \(A\) is a function of physical and social productivity i.e. \(A=z_p×z_s\) Taking natural logarithms: \[ln(y)=ln(z_p )+ln(z_s )+αln(k)+(1-α)ln(h)\] In period t: \(ln(y_t) = ln(z_{p_t})+ln(z_{s_t})+αln(k_t)+(1-α)ln(h_t)\)

In period t+1: \(ln(y_{t+1}) = ln(z_{p_{t+1}})+ln(z_{s_{t+1}})+αln(k_{t+1})+(1-α)ln(h_{t+1})\)

Difference between both periods:

\[ln(y_{t+1})-ln(y_t)=ln(z_{p_{t+1}})-ln(z_{p_t})+ln(z_{s_{t+1}})-ln(z_{s_t})+αln(k_{t+1})-αln(k_t)+(1-α)ln(h_{t+1})-(1-α)ln(h_t)\]

Rearrange:

\[ln(z_{p_{t+1}})-ln(z_{p_t})+ln(z_{s_{t+1}})-ln(z_{s_t}) = ln(y_{t+1})-ln(y_t)+α(ln(k_t) -ln(k_{t+1}))+(1-α)(ln(h_t)-ln(h_{t+1}))\]

While the left-hand side is realistically unobservable, the right-hand side is easily observable via national accounts and human capital statistics. Therefore, we can compare the theorized TFP values with the actual TFP values calculated from our proxy data sets (IDI and EFI) to judge the extent to which they are a good estimate for TFP.

countries_cleaned_logs =  countries_cleaned %>%  mutate(logy = log(GDP_per_capita)) %>% mutate(logk = log(investment)) %>% mutate(logh = log(HCI_score)) %>% mutate(logEFI = log(EFI_score)) %>% mutate(logIDI = log(IDI_score))
countries_cleaned_logs_resid = countries_cleaned_logs %>% mutate(capital_share = investment/GDP_per_capita)
countries_cleaned_logs_resid_final = countries_cleaned_logs_resid %>% group_by(country) %>% arrange(year) %>% mutate(residual = logy-lag(logy, default = first(logy)) - capital_share*(logk - lag(logk, default = first(logk))) + (1 - capital_share)*(logh - lag(logh, default = first(logh))))
countries_cleaned_logs_resid_final = countries_cleaned_logs_resid_final %>% mutate(residual_in_data = logIDI-lag(logIDI, default = first(logIDI)) + logEFI-lag(logEFI, default = first(logEFI)))
countries_cleaned_logs_resid_final = countries_cleaned_logs_resid_final %>% filter(year != '2007')
countries_cleaned_logs_resid_final = countries_cleaned_logs_resid_final %>% mutate(residual_diff = residual_in_data - residual)

kable(countries_cleaned_logs_resid_final) %>% kable_paper() %>% scroll_box(width = "800px", height = "400px") %>% kable_styling()

country	year	GDP_per_capita	investment	EFI_score	HCI_score	IDI_score	logy	logk	logh	logEFI	logIDI	capital_share	residual	residual_in_data	residual_diff
Finland	2008	53554.04	13117.45211	74.6	0.823	6.92	10.888447	9.481699	-0.1947991	4.312140	1.9344158	0.2449386	0.0722552	0.0403837	-0.0318716
Chile	2008	10751.48	2746.41204	78.6	0.625	4.14	9.282799	7.918051	-0.4700036	4.364372	1.4206958	0.2554450	-0.0311839	0.0484210	0.0796049
Singapore	2008	40007.47	11193.65766	87.3	0.843	6.71	10.596822	9.323103	-0.1707883	4.469351	1.9035990	0.2797892	-0.0247301	0.0387164	0.0634465
Croatia	2008	16296.81	4594.08382	54.1	0.692	5.43	9.698725	8.432525	-0.3681693	3.990834	1.6919391	0.2819008	0.1011956	0.1055750	0.0043794
Morocco	2008	2890.36	1009.56246	55.6	0.469	2.60	7.969136	6.917272	-0.7571525	4.018183	0.9555114	0.3492861	0.0750284	0.0953572	0.0203289
Malta	2008	22205.36	4449.25727	66.0	0.674	5.68	10.008089	8.400493	-0.3945252	4.189655	1.7369512	0.2003686	0.1352215	0.0343321	-0.1008894
Argentina	2008	9020.87	1714.88250	54.2	0.588	4.16	9.107296	7.447100	-0.5310283	3.992681	1.4255151	0.1901017	0.1852554	0.0109345	-0.1743209
Latvia	2008	16422.11	5246.59189	68.3	0.673	5.31	9.706384	8.565334	-0.3960099	4.223910	1.6695918	0.3194834	0.1486185	0.0760780	-0.0725405
Moldova	2008	2111.20	717.73805	57.9	0.551	3.57	7.655012	6.576105	-0.5960205	4.058717	1.2725656	0.3399669	0.2164676	0.1242205	-0.0922471
Israel	2008	29567.80	5902.68064	66.3	0.719	6.20	10.294441	8.683162	-0.3298939	4.194190	1.8245493	0.1996321	0.1432694	0.0674094	-0.0758600
Romania	2008	10435.04	3890.86406	61.7	0.605	4.67	9.252925	8.266386	-0.5025268	4.122284	1.5411591	0.3728653	0.1180294	0.1358728	0.0178434
Brazil	2008	8831.02	1713.27074	56.2	0.531	3.72	9.086026	7.446160	-0.6329933	4.028917	1.3137237	0.1940060	0.1363098	0.0638219	-0.0724879
Costa Rica	2008	6859.08	1638.72808	64.2	0.592	3.45	8.833329	7.401676	-0.5242486	4.162003	1.2383742	0.2389137	0.0821404	0.0445462	-0.0375942
Cyprus	2008	35397.36	6998.22122	71.3	0.674	5.02	10.474393	8.853411	-0.3945252	4.266896	1.6134299	0.1977046	0.0945482	0.0165616	-0.0779866
Cameroon	2008	1371.75	332.45966	54.3	0.377	1.40	7.223843	5.806519	-0.9755101	3.994524	0.3364722	0.2423617	0.0718240	-0.0019975	-0.0738215
Czech Republic	2008	22804.58	6669.97486	68.1	0.727	5.42	10.034717	8.805371	-0.3188288	4.220977	1.6900958	0.2924840	0.1589811	0.1071195	-0.0518617
Austria	2008	51708.77	12017.07001	71.4	0.743	6.41	10.853383	9.394083	-0.2970592	4.268298	1.8578593	0.2323991	0.0744671	0.0224806	-0.0519865
Lithuania	2008	14945.00	3895.63006	70.9	0.686	5.44	9.612132	8.267611	-0.3768777	4.261270	1.6937791	0.2606644	0.1723460	0.0328546	-0.1394913
Norway	2008	96944.10	22020.83297	68.6	0.771	7.12	11.481890	9.999744	-0.2600669	4.228293	1.9629077	0.2271498	0.1089444	0.0591871	-0.0497573
Slovenia	2008	27483.34	8091.91008	60.2	0.750	6.19	10.221335	8.998620	-0.2876821	4.097672	1.8229351	0.2944296	0.0966961	0.0802798	-0.0164163
Switzerland	2008	72487.85	17390.90639	79.5	0.771	7.06	11.191174	9.763703	-0.2600669	4.375757	1.9544451	0.2399148	0.1028216	0.0521686	-0.0506530
Iceland	2008	56409.77	14432.75281	75.8	0.756	7.12	10.940398	9.577255	-0.2797139	4.328098	1.9629077	0.2558556	-0.1146029	0.0058276	0.1204305
Georgia	2008	3324.74	732.71811	69.2	0.543	2.96	8.109147	6.596761	-0.6106460	4.237001	1.0851893	0.2203836	0.2279978	0.0294332	-0.1985646
Albania	2008	4370.54	1483.76796	62.4	0.528	2.99	8.382642	7.302340	-0.6386590	4.133565	1.0952734	0.3394931	0.1651678	0.1034709	-0.0616969
Bahrain	2008	23066.53	7963.18315	72.2	0.600	5.16	10.046138	8.982584	-0.5108256	4.279440	1.6409366	0.3452267	0.0589165	0.0554962	-0.0034202
Uganda	2008	474.52	107.94453	63.8	0.337	1.24	6.162304	4.681617	-1.0876723	4.155753	0.2151114	0.2274815	0.1251992	0.0355234	-0.0896758
South Africa	2008	5760.81	1354.43895	63.4	0.422	2.71	8.658833	7.211143	-0.8627500	4.149464	0.9969486	0.2351126	-0.0755644	0.0245937	0.1001581
Italy	2008	40778.34	8669.52814	62.6	0.759	6.10	10.615906	9.067570	-0.2757535	4.136765	1.8082888	0.2126013	0.0622818	0.0284531	-0.0338287
Ukraine	2008	3887.24	973.35480	51.0	0.636	3.83	8.265455	6.880749	-0.4525567	3.931826	1.3428648	0.2503974	0.1897110	0.0633481	-0.1263629
Portugal	2008	24847.55	5678.21963	63.9	0.740	5.70	10.120514	8.644393	-0.3011051	4.157319	1.7404662	0.2285223	0.0676817	0.0674291	-0.0002526
Mexico	2008	10016.57	2319.17494	66.2	0.584	3.26	9.211996	7.748967	-0.5378543	4.192680	1.1817272	0.2315338	0.0194452	0.0761903	0.0567451
Paraguay	2008	4041.58	766.15031	60.0	0.509	2.66	8.304391	6.641378	-0.6753073	4.094345	0.9783261	0.1895670	0.2399558	0.1069072	-0.1330486
New Zealand	2008	31290.25	7087.30055	80.7	0.778	6.65	10.351062	8.866060	-0.2510288	4.390739	1.8946169	0.2265019	-0.0185290	0.0328121	0.0513410
Burkina Faso	2008	643.40	111.32119	55.7	0.308	0.98	6.466767	4.712420	-1.1776555	4.019980	-0.0202027	0.1730202	0.1800926	0.0631984	-0.1168942
Oman	2008	22139.68	6778.88975	67.3	0.540	3.45	10.005127	8.821569	-0.6161861	4.209160	1.2383742	0.3061873	0.2199464	0.1071830	-0.1127634
Hungary	2008	15753.47	3681.90551	67.6	0.694	5.47	9.664816	8.211186	-0.3652833	4.213608	1.6992786	0.2337203	0.0984247	0.0967759	-0.0016488
Luxembourg	2008	114293.84	23164.62713	74.7	0.703	7.34	11.646528	10.050382	-0.3523984	4.313480	1.9933388	0.2026761	0.0393821	0.0516295	0.0122474
Mauritius	2008	8030.06	1907.66753	72.6	0.597	3.43	8.990947	7.553637	-0.5158382	4.284965	1.2325603	0.2375658	0.1573998	0.0837158	-0.0736840
Chad	2008	929.38	198.01388	47.8	0.283	0.80	6.834518	5.288337	-1.2623084	3.867026	-0.2231436	0.2130602	0.1247072	0.0445718	-0.0801354
Indonesia	2008	2166.85	598.80300	53.2	0.488	2.39	7.681030	6.394933	-0.7174399	3.974058	0.8712934	0.2763472	0.0886289	0.1058255	0.0171966
Turkey	2008	10940.99	2911.16251	59.9	0.620	3.81	9.300272	7.976308	-0.4780358	4.092676	1.3376292	0.2660785	0.0951334	0.0910287	-0.0041047
Spain	2008	35366.26	9835.90019	69.1	0.707	6.18	10.473513	9.193794	-0.3467246	4.235555	1.8213183	0.2781154	0.0830050	0.0551413	-0.0278636
United States	2008	48382.56	10325.75569	81.0	0.699	6.55	10.786895	9.242397	-0.3581045	4.394449	1.8794650	0.2134190	0.0187427	0.0316987	0.0129560
Azerbaijan	2008	5574.60	1035.69309	55.3	0.487	2.97	8.625976	6.942826	-0.7194912	4.012773	1.0885620	0.1857879	0.3459361	0.0824537	-0.2634824
Botswana	2008	5713.53	1747.34958	68.2	0.362	2.25	8.650592	7.465855	-1.0161111	4.222445	0.8109302	0.3058266	-0.0274817	0.0800297	0.1075114
Madagascar	2008	536.35	202.69191	62.4	0.386	1.20	6.284787	5.311687	-0.9519179	4.133565	0.1823216	0.3779098	-0.0114676	-0.0356419	-0.0241744
Zimbabwe	2008	356.69	11.72062	29.5	0.397	1.49	5.876867	2.461350	-0.9238190	3.384390	0.3987761	0.0328594	-0.1582309	-0.0402440	0.1179870
Canada	2008	46594.45	10948.31739	80.2	0.770	6.42	10.749237	9.300941	-0.2613648	4.384524	1.8594181	0.2349704	0.0355970	0.0466832	0.0110862
Kazakhstan	2008	8458.02	2270.23159	61.1	0.604	3.39	9.042870	7.727637	-0.5041811	4.112512	1.2208299	0.2684117	0.2049439	0.0919546	-0.1129893
Colombia	2008	5472.54	1199.23967	62.2	0.575	3.39	8.607498	7.089443	-0.5533852	4.130355	1.2208299	0.2191377	0.1412161	0.0737184	-0.0674977
Estonia	2008	18227.12	5667.31855	77.9	0.714	5.81	9.810666	8.642471	-0.3368723	4.355426	1.7595806	0.3109278	0.1123935	-0.0098519	-0.1222454
Belgium	2008	48106.89	11577.99371	71.7	0.751	6.31	10.781181	9.356862	-0.2863496	4.272491	1.8421357	0.2406723	0.0563470	0.0227511	-0.0335959
Senegal	2008	1411.93	315.77162	58.3	0.385	1.46	7.252713	5.755019	-0.9545119	4.065602	0.3784364	0.2236454	0.0996298	0.0892033	-0.0104266
Algeria	2008	4923.84	1439.35947	56.2	0.529	2.41	8.501844	7.271954	-0.6367668	4.028917	0.8796267	0.2923246	0.1272637	-0.0102542	-0.1375180
France	2008	45334.11	10702.91528	64.7	0.756	6.48	10.721815	9.278271	-0.2797139	4.169761	1.8687205	0.2360897	0.0630419	0.1030876	0.0400458
Peru	2008	4220.62	988.74623	63.8	0.533	3.12	8.347737	6.896438	-0.6292339	4.155753	1.1378330	0.2342656	0.0919503	0.0466621	-0.0452882
Bulgaria	2008	7265.74	2398.07872	63.7	0.649	4.75	8.890925	7.782423	-0.4323226	4.154185	1.5581446	0.3300529	0.0905003	0.0878280	-0.0026723
Germany	2008	45427.15	9219.32902	70.6	0.769	6.87	10.723865	9.129058	-0.2626643	4.257030	1.9271641	0.2029476	0.0679440	0.0372656	-0.0306784
Australia	2008	49601.66	14024.05738	82.2	0.757	6.78	10.811780	9.548530	-0.2783920	4.409155	1.9139771	0.2827336	0.1306335	0.0541100	-0.0765235
Greece	2008	31997.28	7619.74713	60.6	0.718	5.70	10.373406	8.938498	-0.3312857	4.104295	1.7404662	0.2381373	0.0983887	0.1083952	0.0100066
Jordan	2008	3455.77	949.31749	64.1	0.559	3.29	8.147801	6.855743	-0.5816058	4.160444	1.1908876	0.2747051	0.1696831	0.0927434	-0.0769397
Netherlands	2008	57644.48	12769.37840	77.4	0.799	7.30	10.962050	9.454805	-0.2243943	4.348987	1.9878743	0.2215195	0.0939228	0.0582834	-0.0356394
Malaysia	2008	8474.59	1743.24993	63.9	0.581	3.96	9.044828	7.463506	-0.5430045	4.157319	1.3762440	0.2057032	0.1477374	0.0803470	-0.0673904
Ireland	2008	61262.10	15179.40736	82.5	0.763	6.43	11.022917	9.627695	-0.2704972	4.412798	1.8609745	0.2477781	0.0380706	0.0449384	0.0068678
Uruguay	2008	9091.08	1868.52010	67.9	0.590	4.21	9.115049	7.532902	-0.5276327	4.218036	1.4374626	0.2055333	0.1852336	0.0538818	-0.1313518
Poland	2008	13996.03	3226.16528	60.3	0.692	5.29	9.546529	8.079049	-0.3681693	4.099332	1.6658182	0.2305057	0.1685243	0.1035971	-0.0649272
Ecuador	2008	4249.02	950.65782	55.2	0.516	2.87	8.354444	6.857154	-0.6616485	4.010963	1.0543120	0.2237358	0.1295904	0.0482005	-0.0813899
Saudi Arabia	2008	20078.26	4596.62829	62.5	0.545	4.13	9.907393	8.433078	-0.6069695	4.135167	1.4182774	0.2289356	0.1637030	0.1197918	-0.0439112
Panama	2008	7154.27	2257.17521	64.7	0.519	3.52	8.875465	7.721869	-0.6558514	4.169761	1.2584610	0.3155004	0.0625782	0.0391779	-0.0234003
Sweden	2008	56152.55	13774.94580	70.8	0.757	7.53	10.935827	9.530607	-0.2783920	4.259859	2.0188950	0.2453129	0.0346074	0.0565528	0.0219455
Japan	2008	39339.30	9448.47458	73.0	0.823	7.01	10.579979	9.153609	-0.1947991	4.290459	1.9473377	0.2401790	0.0840744	0.0213847	-0.0626897
United Kingdom	2008	47287.00	8251.49322	79.4	0.762	7.03	10.763991	9.018149	-0.2718087	4.374498	1.9501867	0.1744981	-0.0471974	0.0418017	0.0889991
Namibia	2008	4158.03	1052.72659	61.4	0.384	2.06	8.332797	6.959139	-0.9571127	4.117410	0.7227060	0.2531792	-0.0594941	0.0212465	0.0807406
Benin	2008	1120.89	177.60485	55.2	0.361	1.27	7.021878	5.179561	-1.0188773	4.010963	0.2390169	0.1584498	0.1447889	0.0585086	-0.0862803
Tunisia	2008	4307.16	1017.82916	60.1	0.525	2.98	8.368034	6.925427	-0.6443570	4.096010	1.0919233	0.2363110	0.0931927	0.0806431	-0.0125496
United Arab Emirates	2008	44498.93	9956.14642	62.6	0.611	5.63	10.703220	9.205945	-0.4926583	4.136765	1.7281094	0.2237390	0.0677344	0.0794508	0.0117164
Thailand	2008	4379.66	1158.31964	62.3	0.580	3.03	8.384726	7.054726	-0.5447272	4.131961	1.1085626	0.2644771	0.0641080	-0.0190785	-0.0831865
Denmark	2008	64322.06	14758.01870	79.2	0.751	7.46	11.071658	9.599542	-0.2863496	4.371976	2.0095554	0.2294395	0.0809581	0.0664269	-0.0145312
Finland	2009	47293.99	10856.32985	74.5	0.821	7.19	10.764138	9.292504	-0.1972322	4.310799	1.9726912	0.2295499	-0.0827528	0.0369340	0.1196869
Chile	2009	10208.91	2293.04347	78.3	0.628	4.65	9.231016	7.737635	-0.4652151	4.360548	1.5368672	0.2246120	-0.0075461	0.1123473	0.1198935
Singapore	2009	38927.21	11225.61758	87.1	0.846	6.86	10.569449	9.325954	-0.1672359	4.467057	1.9257074	0.2883746	-0.0256669	0.0198149	0.0454818
Croatia	2009	14540.64	3667.63546	55.1	0.695	5.48	9.584703	8.207302	-0.3638434	4.009150	1.7011051	0.2522334	-0.0539786	0.0274815	0.0814601
Morocco	2009	2866.92	921.20355	57.7	0.472	3.06	7.960994	6.825681	-0.7507763	4.055257	1.1184149	0.3213217	0.0256149	0.1999774	0.1743626
Malta	2009	21083.28	3854.92411	66.1	0.677	6.07	9.956236	8.257107	-0.3900840	4.191169	1.8033586	0.1828427	-0.0220072	0.0679214	0.0899286
Argentina	2009	8225.14	1281.62053	52.3	0.590	4.71	9.014951	7.155881	-0.5276327	3.956996	1.5496879	0.1558175	-0.0441019	0.0884883	0.1325902
Latvia	2009	12288.21	2740.77516	66.6	0.678	5.55	9.416396	7.915996	-0.3886080	4.198705	1.7137979	0.2230410	-0.1394083	0.0190009	0.1584092
Moldova	2009	1899.01	429.10767	54.9	0.554	4.07	7.549088	6.061708	-0.5905906	4.005513	1.4036430	0.2259639	0.0145142	0.0778734	0.0633592
Israel	2009	27715.64	5206.51583	67.6	0.722	6.24	10.229752	8.557666	-0.3257301	4.213608	1.8309802	0.1878548	-0.0377325	0.0258490	0.0635815
Romania	2009	8548.12	2222.30405	63.2	0.604	4.61	9.053467	7.706300	-0.5041811	4.146304	1.5282279	0.2599758	-0.0550732	0.0110892	0.0661624
Brazil	2009	8597.92	1640.13475	56.7	0.533	4.19	9.059276	7.402534	-0.6292339	4.037774	1.4327007	0.1907595	-0.0153859	0.1278345	0.1432204
Costa Rica	2009	6760.48	1428.45287	66.4	0.594	4.20	8.818849	7.264347	-0.5208760	4.195697	1.4350845	0.2112946	0.0171974	0.2304041	0.2132068
Cyprus	2009	32109.24	5538.21382	70.8	0.682	5.36	10.376899	8.619427	-0.3827256	4.259859	1.6789640	0.1724804	-0.0473714	0.0584967	0.1058681
Cameroon	2009	1314.71	310.25663	53.0	0.379	1.61	7.181371	5.737400	-0.9702191	3.970292	0.4762342	0.2359886	-0.0221176	0.1155296	0.1376472
Czech Republic	2009	19861.70	5484.77023	69.4	0.731	5.64	9.896548	8.609730	-0.3133418	4.239887	1.7298841	0.2761481	-0.0801705	0.0586979	0.1388684
Austria	2009	47963.18	10749.99136	71.2	0.745	6.53	10.778189	9.282660	-0.2943711	4.265493	1.8764069	0.2241301	-0.0481348	0.0157426	0.0638774
Lithuania	2009	11820.78	2114.14048	70.0	0.689	5.47	9.377614	7.656404	-0.3725140	4.248495	1.6992786	0.1788495	-0.1216205	-0.0072756	0.1143449
Norway	2009	79977.70	18602.88873	70.2	0.771	7.37	11.289503	9.831072	-0.2600669	4.251348	1.9974177	0.2326009	-0.1531534	0.0575658	0.2107191
Slovenia	2009	24694.23	5958.87047	62.9	0.753	6.17	10.114325	8.692636	-0.2836901	4.141546	1.8196988	0.2413062	-0.0301459	0.0406376	0.0707834
Switzerland	2009	69927.47	15883.61110	79.4	0.771	7.19	11.155214	9.673043	-0.2600669	4.374498	1.9726912	0.2271441	-0.0153676	0.0169875	0.0323551
Iceland	2009	41333.42	6256.00877	75.9	0.755	7.57	10.629427	8.741298	-0.2810375	4.329417	2.0241931	0.1513547	-0.1855681	0.0626037	0.2481719
Georgia	2009	2822.67	443.53512	69.8	0.548	3.63	7.945438	6.094777	-0.6014800	4.245634	1.2892326	0.1571332	-0.0771042	0.2126765	0.2897807
Albania	2009	4114.14	1345.68869	63.7	0.538	3.42	8.322185	7.204661	-0.6198967	4.154185	1.2296406	0.3270887	-0.0158818	0.1549865	0.1708682
Bahrain	2009	19355.90	4889.28603	74.8	0.606	5.54	9.870753	8.494802	-0.5008753	4.314818	1.7119945	0.2525993	-0.0447350	0.1064358	0.1511707
Uganda	2009	796.53	192.25060	63.5	0.342	1.49	6.680265	5.258800	-1.0729445	4.151040	0.3987761	0.2413601	0.3898253	0.1789515	-0.2108739
South Africa	2009	5862.80	1261.17808	63.8	0.422	3.35	8.676383	7.139801	-0.8627500	4.155753	1.2089603	0.2151153	0.0328958	0.2183010	0.1854053
Italy	2009	37079.76	7462.51419	61.4	0.758	6.03	10.520827	8.917648	-0.2770719	4.117410	1.7967470	0.2012557	-0.0659602	-0.0308972	0.0350630
Ukraine	2009	2543.00	442.94385	48.8	0.636	4.06	7.841100	6.093443	-0.4525567	3.887730	1.4011830	0.1741816	-0.2872207	0.0142229	0.3014436
Portugal	2009	23059.80	4889.04492	64.9	0.743	5.69	10.045846	8.494752	-0.2970592	4.172848	1.7387102	0.2120159	-0.0397540	0.0137723	0.0535264
Mexico	2009	8002.97	1769.45689	65.8	0.587	3.52	8.987568	7.478428	-0.5327305	4.186620	1.2584610	0.2211000	-0.1606209	0.0706732	0.2312941
Paraguay	2009	3624.57	672.13207	61.0	0.511	2.94	8.195491	6.510455	-0.6713857	4.110874	1.0784096	0.1854377	-0.0814275	0.1166128	0.1980403
New Zealand	2009	28205.73	5667.36596	82.0	0.778	6.76	10.247280	8.642480	-0.2510288	4.406719	1.9110229	0.2009296	-0.0588575	0.0323867	0.0912443
Burkina Faso	2009	624.18	117.29232	59.5	0.314	1.13	6.436439	4.764669	-1.1583623	4.085976	0.1222176	0.1879143	-0.0244785	0.2084165	0.2328950
Oman	2009	16823.79	5603.36064	67.0	0.547	4.16	9.730549	8.631122	-0.6033065	4.204693	1.4255151	0.3330617	-0.2025570	0.1826732	0.3852303
Hungary	2009	13046.48	2960.65724	66.8	0.694	5.47	9.476274	7.993167	-0.3652833	4.201703	1.6992786	0.2269315	-0.1390669	-0.0119049	0.1271620
Luxembourg	2009	103198.67	18994.19526	75.2	0.702	7.14	11.544411	9.851889	-0.3538219	4.320151	1.9657128	0.1840547	-0.0667446	-0.0209549	0.0457897
Mauritius	2009	7318.13	1866.93041	74.3	0.600	3.96	8.898110	7.532051	-0.5108256	4.308111	1.3762440	0.2551103	-0.0835966	0.1668298	0.2504264
Chad	2009	803.69	236.41807	47.5	0.284	0.88	6.689214	5.465602	-1.2587810	3.860730	-0.1278334	0.2941658	-0.1949595	0.0890143	0.2839738
Indonesia	2009	2261.25	704.04662	53.4	0.493	2.79	7.723673	6.556845	-0.7072461	3.977811	1.0260416	0.3113528	-0.0007486	0.1585006	0.1592491
Turkey	2009	9103.71	2019.02938	61.6	0.622	4.15	9.116437	7.610372	-0.4748152	4.120662	1.4231083	0.2217809	-0.1001704	0.1134645	0.2136349
Spain	2009	32042.47	7398.14938	70.1	0.710	6.18	10.374818	8.908985	-0.3424903	4.249923	1.8213183	0.2308857	-0.0296810	0.0143681	0.0440491
United States	2009	47099.98	8866.53337	80.7	0.701	6.88	10.760028	9.090039	-0.3552474	4.390739	1.9286187	0.1882492	0.0041336	0.0454430	0.0413094
Azerbaijan	2009	4950.29	931.61735	58.0	0.497	3.83	8.507201	6.836922	-0.6991653	4.060443	1.3428648	0.1881945	-0.0823432	0.3019730	0.3843161
Botswana	2009	5255.77	1834.77069	69.7	0.367	2.80	8.567082	7.514675	-1.0023934	4.244200	1.0296194	0.3490965	-0.0916243	0.2404450	0.3320693
Madagascar	2009	467.54	173.72999	62.2	0.386	1.28	6.147485	5.157502	-0.9519179	4.130355	0.2468601	0.3715832	-0.0800095	0.0613282	0.1413378
Zimbabwe	2009	771.60	76.61363	22.7	0.403	1.97	6.648466	4.338775	-0.9088187	3.122365	0.6780335	0.0992919	0.5986970	0.0172321	-0.5814649
Canada	2009	40773.06	9129.05405	80.5	0.773	6.68	10.615777	9.119217	-0.2574762	4.388257	1.8991180	0.2238992	-0.0897542	0.0434335	0.1331877
Kazakhstan	2009	7165.22	1991.33921	60.1	0.614	4.34	8.876994	7.596563	-0.4877604	4.096010	1.4678743	0.2779174	-0.1175913	0.2305424	0.3481337
Colombia	2009	5193.24	1176.09824	62.3	0.577	3.72	8.555113	7.069958	-0.5499130	4.131961	1.3137237	0.2264671	-0.0452864	0.0945002	0.1397866
Estonia	2009	14794.97	3336.36345	76.4	0.719	6.25	9.602042	8.112637	-0.3298939	4.335983	1.8325815	0.2255066	-0.0837374	0.0535576	0.1372950
Belgium	2009	44583.54	10188.49362	72.1	0.752	6.50	10.705120	9.229014	-0.2850190	4.278054	1.8718022	0.2285259	-0.0458177	0.0352298	0.0810475
Senegal	2009	1317.24	259.33266	56.3	0.388	1.72	7.183294	5.558112	-0.9467499	4.030695	0.5423243	0.1968758	-0.0244187	0.1289803	0.1533990
Algeria	2009	3883.13	1484.77192	56.6	0.529	2.78	8.264397	7.303016	-0.6367668	4.036009	1.0224509	0.3823647	-0.2493246	0.1499164	0.3992410
France	2009	41575.42	9179.83576	63.3	0.757	6.61	10.635264	9.124765	-0.2783920	4.147885	1.8885837	0.2207996	-0.0516263	-0.0020127	0.0496136
Peru	2009	4196.31	929.00623	64.6	0.539	3.35	8.341961	6.834115	-0.6180397	4.168214	1.2089603	0.2213865	0.0167367	0.0835886	0.0668518
Bulgaria	2009	6988.23	1941.40210	64.6	0.649	4.96	8.851983	7.571166	-0.4323226	4.168214	1.6014057	0.2778103	0.0197466	0.0572910	0.0375443
Germany	2009	41485.90	7997.33272	70.5	0.769	6.90	10.633109	8.986863	-0.2626643	4.255613	1.9315214	0.1927723	-0.0633452	0.0029399	0.0662851
Australia	2009	42772.36	11801.74906	82.6	0.760	6.94	10.663647	9.376003	-0.2744368	4.414010	1.9373018	0.2759200	-0.0976648	0.0281791	0.1258439
Greece	2009	29710.97	6177.35034	60.8	0.715	5.77	10.299272	8.728645	-0.3354727	4.107590	1.7526721	0.2079148	-0.0338193	0.0155008	0.0493201
Jordan	2009	3559.69	953.63616	65.4	0.558	3.69	8.177429	6.860282	-0.5833963	4.180522	1.3056265	0.2678987	0.0271014	0.1348168	0.1077154
Netherlands	2009	52514.03	11191.50984	77.0	0.799	7.34	10.868836	9.322911	-0.2243943	4.343805	1.9933388	0.2131147	-0.0651055	0.0002831	0.0653886
Malaysia	2009	7292.49	1602.62462	64.6	0.585	4.36	8.894600	7.379398	-0.5361434	4.168214	1.4724721	0.2197637	-0.1263900	0.1071231	0.2335130
Ireland	2009	52105.15	10989.42456	82.2	0.767	6.49	10.861019	9.304689	-0.2652685	4.409155	1.8702625	0.2109086	-0.0896468	0.0056450	0.0952918
Uruguay	2009	9451.93	1771.74770	69.1	0.591	4.82	9.153974	7.479722	-0.5259393	4.235555	1.5727739	0.1874482	0.0502698	0.1528300	0.1025601
Poland	2009	11526.06	2471.58828	60.3	0.698	5.50	9.352366	7.812616	-0.3595362	4.099332	1.7047481	0.2144348	-0.1302487	0.0389298	0.1691785
Ecuador	2009	4231.62	965.02503	52.5	0.524	3.36	8.350340	6.872154	-0.6462636	3.960813	1.2119410	0.2280510	0.0043522	0.1074792	0.1031270
Saudi Arabia	2009	16113.14	4168.18389	64.3	0.548	4.62	9.687390	8.335236	-0.6014800	4.163560	1.5303947	0.2586823	-0.1906229	0.1405104	0.3311333
Panama	2009	7576.14	2194.92562	64.7	0.518	3.81	8.932759	7.693903	-0.6577800	4.169761	1.3376292	0.2897156	0.0640267	0.0791682	0.0151415
Sweden	2009	46946.96	10560.14941	70.5	0.761	7.71	10.756774	9.264843	-0.2731219	4.255613	2.0425182	0.2249379	-0.1151886	0.0193769	0.1345654
Japan	2009	40855.18	9137.26991	72.8	0.823	7.10	10.617789	9.120117	-0.1947991	4.287716	1.9600948	0.2236502	0.0453000	0.0100136	-0.0352864
United Kingdom	2009	38713.14	6166.07257	79.0	0.764	7.20	10.563934	8.726817	-0.2691875	4.369448	1.9740810	0.1592760	-0.1514504	0.0188438	0.1702942
Namibia	2009	4240.69	1185.41720	62.4	0.390	2.45	8.352481	7.077850	-0.9416085	4.133565	0.8960880	0.2795340	-0.0023290	0.1895375	0.1918665
Benin	2009	1084.39	179.63582	55.4	0.365	1.41	6.988773	5.190932	-1.0078579	4.014580	0.3435897	0.1656561	-0.0257950	0.1081894	0.1339845
Tunisia	2009	4128.46	1004.59833	58.0	0.524	3.29	8.325660	6.912343	-0.6462636	4.060443	1.1908876	0.2433349	-0.0406331	0.0633974	0.1040305
United Arab Emirates	2009	32024.18	9259.15233	64.7	0.616	5.46	10.374246	9.133368	-0.4845083	4.169761	1.6974488	0.2891300	-0.3021959	0.0023353	0.3045312
Thailand	2009	4213.01	973.58173	63.0	0.583	3.52	8.345933	6.880982	-0.5395681	4.143135	1.2584610	0.2310893	0.0053235	0.1610717	0.1557482
Denmark	2009	58163.28	11730.89323	79.6	0.752	7.64	10.971009	9.369981	-0.2850190	4.377014	2.0333976	0.2016890	-0.0532863	0.0288800	0.0821662
Finland	2010	46459.97	10358.87287	73.8	0.817	7.96	10.746346	9.245599	-0.2021162	4.301359	2.0744290	0.2229634	-0.0111291	0.0922974	0.1034266
Chile	2010	12808.03	2760.74832	77.2	0.626	4.90	9.457828	7.923257	-0.4684049	4.346400	1.5892352	0.2155482	0.1842988	0.0382198	-0.1460789
Singapore	2010	47236.96	12078.35904	86.1	0.847	7.62	10.762932	9.399171	-0.1660546	4.455509	2.0307764	0.2556972	0.1756411	0.0935215	-0.0821196
Croatia	2010	13949.33	2954.90357	59.2	0.693	5.82	9.543187	7.991221	-0.3667253	4.080921	1.7613003	0.2118312	0.0019853	0.1319670	0.1299816
Morocco	2010	2839.93	883.54142	59.2	0.474	3.55	7.951535	6.783938	-0.7465480	4.080921	1.2669476	0.3111138	0.0064407	0.1741971	0.1677563
Malta	2010	21799.17	4576.20525	67.2	0.680	6.67	9.989627	8.428625	-0.3856625	4.207673	1.8976199	0.2099257	0.0008787	0.1107658	0.1098870
Argentina	2010	10385.96	1728.37676	51.2	0.589	5.02	9.248210	7.454938	-0.5293291	3.935739	1.6134299	0.1664147	0.1820780	0.0424852	-0.1395928
Latvia	2010	11383.52	2176.60520	66.2	0.676	6.22	9.339922	7.685522	-0.3915622	4.192680	1.8277699	0.1912067	-0.0347947	0.1079479	0.1427425
Moldova	2010	2437.53	549.03606	53.7	0.556	4.28	7.798741	6.308164	-0.5869870	3.983413	1.4539530	0.2252428	0.1969320	0.0282097	-0.1687223
Israel	2010	30693.59	5798.13745	67.7	0.718	6.69	10.331809	8.665292	-0.3312857	4.215086	1.9006139	0.1889039	0.0772199	0.0711119	-0.0061080
Romania	2010	8214.08	2141.61764	64.2	0.600	4.99	9.013605	7.669317	-0.5108256	4.162003	1.6074359	0.2607252	-0.0351313	0.0949070	0.1300383
Brazil	2010	11286.24	2319.71574	55.6	0.533	4.29	9.331340	7.749200	-0.6292339	4.018183	1.4562867	0.2055349	0.2008120	0.0039950	-0.1968170
Costa Rica	2010	8141.91	1600.69010	65.9	0.598	4.07	9.004780	7.378190	-0.5141645	4.188138	1.4036430	0.1965988	0.1689415	-0.0390001	-0.2079416
Cyprus	2010	31023.64	5192.73536	70.9	0.686	5.75	10.342505	8.555016	-0.3768777	4.261270	1.7491999	0.1673800	-0.0187440	0.0716473	0.0903913
Cameroon	2010	1286.52	301.91957	52.3	0.380	1.60	7.159696	5.710161	-0.9675840	3.956996	0.4700036	0.2346793	-0.0132661	-0.0195261	-0.0062600
Czech Republic	2010	19960.07	5418.92262	69.8	0.727	6.30	9.901489	8.597652	-0.3188288	4.245634	1.8405496	0.2714882	0.0042223	0.1164127	0.1121904
Austria	2010	46858.04	10119.80217	71.6	0.738	6.90	10.754878	9.222249	-0.3038115	4.271095	1.9315214	0.2159673	-0.0176658	0.0607167	0.0783826
Lithuania	2010	11990.66	2021.53800	70.3	0.688	6.02	9.391883	7.611614	-0.3739664	4.252772	1.7950873	0.1685927	0.0206127	0.1000852	0.0794725
Norway	2010	87693.79	18194.97615	69.4	0.771	8.16	11.381606	9.808901	-0.2600669	4.239887	2.0992442	0.2074831	0.0967034	0.0903650	-0.0063384
Slovenia	2010	23509.54	4956.18472	64.7	0.752	6.69	10.065162	8.508392	-0.2850190	4.169761	1.9006139	0.2108159	-0.0113704	0.1091301	0.1205004
Switzerland	2010	74605.72	16997.00278	81.1	0.768	7.60	11.219973	9.740792	-0.2639655	4.395683	2.0281482	0.2278244	0.0463133	0.0766417	0.0303284
Iceland	2010	43024.92	6047.17897	73.7	0.755	8.19	10.669535	8.707347	-0.2810375	4.300003	2.1029139	0.1405506	0.0448799	0.0493069	0.0044271
Georgia	2010	3233.30	611.71785	70.4	0.541	3.76	8.081259	6.416271	-0.6143360	4.254193	1.3244190	0.1891930	0.0645718	0.0437456	-0.0208263
Albania	2010	4094.35	1163.96025	66.0	0.544	3.65	8.317363	7.059583	-0.6088060	4.189655	1.2947272	0.2842845	0.0443593	0.1005568	0.0561975
Bahrain	2010	20722.14	5397.18764	76.3	0.605	5.42	9.938958	8.593633	-0.5025268	4.334673	1.6900958	0.2604551	0.0412428	-0.0020436	-0.0432864
Uganda	2010	819.01	211.66097	62.2	0.344	1.57	6.708096	5.354986	-1.0671136	4.130355	0.4510756	0.2584351	0.0072977	0.0316146	0.0243169
South Africa	2010	7328.62	1411.93024	62.8	0.425	3.65	8.899543	7.252713	-0.8556661	4.139955	1.2947272	0.1926598	0.2071255	0.0699687	-0.1371568
Italy	2010	36000.52	7203.41779	62.7	0.750	6.38	10.491289	8.882311	-0.2876821	4.138361	1.8531681	0.2000920	-0.0309544	0.0773727	0.1083271
Ukraine	2010	2965.14	505.11267	46.4	0.633	4.41	7.994680	6.224781	-0.4572849	3.837299	1.4838747	0.1703504	0.1272835	0.0322609	-0.0950226
Portugal	2010	22498.69	4628.84049	64.4	0.743	6.15	10.021212	8.440062	-0.2970592	4.165114	1.8164521	0.2057382	-0.0133818	0.0700078	0.0833897
Mexico	2010	9271.40	1998.37040	68.3	0.589	3.70	9.134690	7.600087	-0.5293291	4.223910	1.3083328	0.2155414	0.1235673	0.0871618	-0.0364055
Paraguay	2010	4355.93	928.19221	61.3	0.511	3.11	8.379293	6.833239	-0.6713857	4.115780	1.1346227	0.2130870	0.1150214	0.0611191	-0.0539023
New Zealand	2010	33700.13	6623.33188	82.1	0.779	7.17	10.425257	8.798354	-0.2497442	4.407938	1.9699057	0.1965373	0.1483735	0.0601015	-0.0882720
Burkina Faso	2010	647.84	130.36255	59.4	0.320	1.13	6.473644	4.870319	-1.1394343	4.084294	0.1222176	0.2012265	0.0310646	-0.0016821	-0.0327466
Oman	2010	18712.58	4629.91895	67.7	0.548	4.41	9.836951	8.440295	-0.6014800	4.215086	1.4838747	0.2474228	0.1549916	0.0687532	-0.0862385
Hungary	2010	13191.62	2652.68192	66.1	0.690	5.92	9.487337	7.883326	-0.3710637	4.191169	1.7783364	0.2010884	0.0285330	0.0685235	0.0399905
Luxembourg	2010	104965.31	18482.47100	75.4	0.700	7.82	11.561385	9.824578	-0.3566749	4.322807	2.0566846	0.1760817	0.0194322	0.0936278	0.0741957
Mauritius	2010	8000.38	1932.69841	76.3	0.600	4.31	8.987244	7.566672	-0.5108256	4.334673	1.4609379	0.2415758	0.0807705	0.1112559	0.0304854
Chad	2010	892.57	300.10041	47.5	0.286	0.88	6.794105	5.704117	-1.2517635	3.860730	-0.1278334	0.3362206	0.0293557	0.0000000	-0.0293557
Indonesia	2010	3122.36	967.60502	55.5	0.496	3.11	8.046344	6.874824	-0.7011794	4.016383	1.1346227	0.3098954	0.2283177	0.1471534	-0.0811643
Turkey	2010	10742.43	2640.78465	63.8	0.627	4.56	9.281957	7.878831	-0.4668087	4.155753	1.5173226	0.2458275	0.1055629	0.1293056	0.0237427
Spain	2010	30502.72	6655.66021	69.6	0.708	6.53	10.325571	8.803223	-0.3453112	4.242765	1.8764069	0.2181989	-0.0283745	0.0479304	0.0763050
United States	2010	48467.52	8922.75034	78.0	0.692	7.30	10.788649	9.096360	-0.3681693	4.356709	1.9878743	0.1840975	0.0169147	0.0252259	0.0083112
Azerbaijan	2010	5842.81	1061.44649	58.8	0.497	4.21	8.672967	6.967388	-0.6991653	4.074142	1.4374626	0.1816671	0.1420644	0.1082967	-0.0337677
Botswana	2010	6434.82	2163.13935	70.3	0.368	2.86	8.769479	7.679316	-0.9996723	4.252772	1.0508216	0.3361616	0.1488577	0.0297737	-0.1190840
Madagascar	2010	471.96	122.17086	63.2	0.389	1.34	6.156894	4.805421	-0.9441759	4.146304	0.2926696	0.2588585	0.1062866	0.0617588	-0.0445277
Zimbabwe	2010	948.33	161.32766	21.4	0.410	1.97	6.854703	5.083437	-0.8915981	3.063391	0.6780335	0.1701176	0.0938471	-0.0589740	-0.1528211
Canada	2010	47448.01	11145.45617	80.4	0.774	7.03	10.767390	9.318787	-0.2561834	4.387014	1.9501867	0.2348983	0.1057236	0.0498257	-0.0558978
Kazakhstan	2010	9070.49	2206.60918	61.0	0.594	4.81	9.112782	7.699212	-0.5208760	4.110874	1.5706971	0.2432734	0.1857561	0.1176868	-0.0680694
Colombia	2010	6336.71	1396.79917	65.5	0.580	3.91	8.754115	7.241939	-0.5447272	4.182050	1.3635374	0.2204297	0.1651349	0.0999024	-0.0652325
Estonia	2010	14790.82	3115.43893	74.7	0.726	6.70	9.601762	8.044125	-0.3202053	4.313480	1.9021075	0.2106333	0.0217981	0.0470235	0.0252253
Belgium	2010	44141.88	9728.71032	70.1	0.753	6.76	10.695164	9.182837	-0.2836901	4.249923	1.9110229	0.2203964	0.0012577	0.0110895	0.0098318
Senegal	2010	1280.23	235.45382	54.6	0.390	1.80	7.154795	5.461515	-0.9416085	4.000034	0.5877867	0.1839152	-0.0065374	0.0148017	0.0213392
Algeria	2010	4479.34	1625.24779	56.9	0.531	2.99	8.407231	7.393416	-0.6329933	4.041295	1.0952734	0.3628320	0.1124389	0.0781088	-0.0343301
France	2010	40638.33	8980.81484	64.2	0.757	7.22	10.612467	9.102846	-0.2783920	4.162003	1.9768550	0.2209937	-0.0179535	0.1023892	0.1203427
Peru	2010	5082.35	1195.03332	67.6	0.545	3.64	8.533529	7.085929	-0.6069695	4.213608	1.2919837	0.2351340	0.1408254	0.1284169	-0.0124085
Bulgaria	2010	6812.41	1520.35006	62.3	0.637	5.45	8.826501	7.326696	-0.4509856	4.131961	1.6956156	0.2231736	0.0145799	0.0579569	0.0433770
Germany	2010	41531.93	8119.64939	71.1	0.761	7.28	10.634218	9.002042	-0.2731219	4.264087	1.9851309	0.1955038	-0.0102717	0.0620841	0.0723558
Australia	2010	52022.13	14115.99169	82.6	0.755	7.32	10.859424	9.555064	-0.2810375	4.414010	1.9906103	0.2713459	0.1423801	0.0533086	-0.0890716
Greece	2010	26917.76	4727.57624	62.7	0.715	6.20	10.200542	8.461168	-0.3354727	4.138361	1.8245493	0.1756304	-0.0517530	0.1026489	0.1544019
Jordan	2010	3736.65	1004.98620	66.1	0.557	3.82	8.225945	6.912729	-0.5851900	4.191169	1.3402504	0.2689538	0.0330989	0.0452705	0.0121715
Netherlands	2010	50950.03	10050.92025	75.0	0.797	7.82	10.838601	9.215419	-0.2269006	4.317488	2.0566846	0.1972702	-0.0110421	0.0370284	0.0480705
Malaysia	2010	9040.57	2028.28716	64.8	0.584	4.85	9.109478	7.614947	-0.5378543	4.171306	1.5789787	0.2243539	0.1607038	0.1095978	-0.0511060
Ireland	2010	48715.18	8545.29200	81.3	0.766	7.04	10.793746	9.053136	-0.2665731	4.398146	1.9516082	0.1754133	-0.0242232	0.0703364	0.0945595
Uruguay	2010	11992.02	2286.89011	69.8	0.591	5.19	9.391997	7.734948	-0.5259393	4.245634	1.6467337	0.1907010	0.1893505	0.0840390	-0.1053115
Poland	2010	12613.01	2555.72211	63.2	0.701	6.38	9.442484	7.846090	-0.3552474	4.146304	1.8531681	0.2026259	0.0867554	0.1953922	0.1086368
Ecuador	2010	4633.59	1141.01362	49.3	0.526	3.65	8.441087	7.039672	-0.6424541	3.897924	1.2947272	0.2462483	0.0523674	0.0198971	-0.0324703
Saudi Arabia	2010	19262.55	4704.34453	64.1	0.548	4.96	9.865918	8.456242	-0.6014800	4.160444	1.6014057	0.2442223	0.1489753	0.0678958	-0.0810796
Panama	2010	8082.03	2393.37061	64.8	0.513	4.07	8.997398	7.780458	-0.6674794	4.171306	1.4036430	0.2961348	0.0321804	0.0675582	0.0353778
Sweden	2010	52869.04	11942.68450	72.4	0.762	8.43	10.875573	9.387874	-0.2718087	4.282206	2.1317968	0.2258918	0.0920242	0.1158722	0.0238480
Japan	2010	44507.68	9526.04045	72.9	0.816	7.73	10.703417	9.161784	-0.2033409	4.289089	2.0451089	0.2140314	0.0699964	0.0863868	0.0163904
United Kingdom	2010	39435.84	6229.45108	76.5	0.765	7.62	10.582430	8.737044	-0.2678794	4.337291	2.0307764	0.1579642	0.0179820	0.0245382	0.0065562
Namibia	2010	5318.01	1344.59551	62.2	0.394	2.63	8.578855	7.203849	-0.9314044	4.130355	0.9669838	0.2528381	0.2021401	0.0676855	-0.1344546
Benin	2010	1036.53	182.94821	55.4	0.366	1.63	6.943634	5.209203	-1.0051219	4.014580	0.4885800	0.1765006	-0.0461109	0.1449903	0.1911012
Tunisia	2010	4141.98	1018.34766	58.9	0.525	3.62	8.328929	6.925937	-0.6443570	4.075841	1.2864740	0.2458601	0.0013652	0.1109845	0.1096194
United Arab Emirates	2010	33893.30	8392.14256	67.3	0.621	5.38	10.430973	9.035051	-0.4764242	4.209160	1.6826884	0.2476048	0.0871522	0.0246386	-0.0625136
Thailand	2010	5076.34	1217.95116	64.1	0.585	3.62	8.532346	7.104925	-0.5361434	4.160444	1.2864740	0.2399270	0.1352861	0.0453227	-0.0899634
Denmark	2010	58041.40	10513.43839	77.9	0.749	8.18	10.968912	9.260410	-0.2890163	4.355426	2.1016922	0.1811369	0.0144765	0.0467064	0.0322299
Finland	2011	51082.00	11552.90385	74.0	0.818	7.99	10.841188	9.354692	-0.2008929	4.304065	2.0781908	0.2261639	0.0711147	0.0064681	-0.0646466
Chile	2011	14637.24	3384.08598	77.4	0.636	5.08	9.591324	8.126839	-0.4525567	4.348987	1.6253113	0.2311970	0.0986132	0.0386634	-0.0599498
Singapore	2011	53890.43	13615.37082	87.2	0.854	7.55	10.894708	9.518955	-0.1578241	4.468204	2.0215476	0.2526491	0.1076640	0.0034661	-0.1041979
Croatia	2011	14609.52	2949.54922	61.1	0.700	6.14	9.589429	7.989408	-0.3566749	4.112512	1.8148247	0.2018923	0.0546293	0.0851148	0.0304855
Morocco	2011	3046.95	973.91840	59.6	0.477	3.59	8.021896	6.881328	-0.7402388	4.087656	1.2781522	0.3196371	0.0435250	0.0179386	-0.0255863
Malta	2011	23155.55	4205.54788	65.7	0.683	6.85	10.049990	8.344160	-0.3812604	4.185099	1.9242487	0.1816216	0.0793059	0.0040545	-0.0752514
Argentina	2011	12848.86	2216.20868	51.7	0.594	5.06	9.461010	7.703553	-0.5208760	3.945458	1.6213665	0.1724829	0.1769134	0.0176548	-0.1592586
Latvia	2011	13895.16	3051.63674	65.8	0.687	6.00	9.539296	8.023433	-0.3754210	4.186620	1.7917595	0.2196187	0.1377585	-0.0420711	-0.1798295
Moldova	2011	2942.26	681.48666	55.7	0.560	4.46	7.986933	6.524277	-0.5798185	4.019980	1.4951488	0.2316201	0.1436449	0.0777629	-0.0658820
Israel	2011	33669.25	6888.71451	68.5	0.729	6.70	10.424340	8.837640	-0.3160815	4.226834	1.9021075	0.2045996	0.0693622	0.0132412	-0.0561210
Romania	2011	9099.22	2479.00932	64.7	0.601	5.05	9.115944	7.815614	-0.5091603	4.169761	1.6193882	0.2724420	0.0636929	0.0197103	-0.0439826
Brazil	2011	13245.61	2728.91310	56.3	0.537	4.59	9.491421	7.911659	-0.6217572	4.030695	1.5238800	0.2060240	0.1325478	0.0801046	-0.0524432
Costa Rica	2011	9121.93	1793.56510	67.3	0.599	4.47	9.118437	7.491961	-0.5124937	4.209160	1.4973884	0.1966212	0.0926292	0.1147672	0.0221380
Cyprus	2011	32396.39	4665.08993	73.3	0.697	5.71	10.385802	8.447862	-0.3609699	4.294561	1.7422190	0.1440003	0.0723447	0.0263093	-0.0460354
Cameroon	2011	1405.09	339.86266	51.8	0.382	1.66	7.247857	5.828542	-0.9623347	3.947390	0.5068176	0.2418796	0.0635062	0.0272078	-0.0362984
Czech Republic	2011	21871.27	5851.62753	70.4	0.738	6.30	9.992929	8.674475	-0.3038115	4.254193	1.8405496	0.2675486	0.0818858	0.0085593	-0.0733265
Austria	2011	51374.96	11544.83447	71.9	0.750	7.10	10.846906	9.353993	-0.2876821	4.275276	1.9600948	0.2247171	0.0749280	0.0327546	-0.0421734
Lithuania	2011	14392.53	2656.84518	71.3	0.694	5.79	9.574465	7.884895	-0.3652833	4.266896	1.7561323	0.1845989	0.1392142	-0.0248304	-0.1640446
Norway	2011	100600.56	21602.68503	70.3	0.771	7.97	11.518913	9.980573	-0.2600669	4.252772	2.0756845	0.2147372	0.1004423	-0.0106747	-0.1111171
Slovenia	2011	25095.13	5005.07950	64.6	0.760	6.60	10.130429	8.518209	-0.2744368	4.168214	1.8870696	0.1994443	0.0717811	-0.0150910	-0.0868721
Switzerland	2011	88415.63	20726.96545	81.9	0.769	7.62	11.389804	9.939191	-0.2626643	4.405499	2.0307764	0.2344265	0.1243179	0.0124442	-0.1118738
Iceland	2011	47516.87	7316.65291	68.2	0.752	8.12	10.768840	8.897908	-0.2850190	4.222445	2.0943302	0.1539801	0.0665943	-0.0861420	-0.1527363
Georgia	2011	4021.74	816.97013	70.4	0.557	4.24	8.299470	6.705603	-0.5851900	4.254193	1.4445633	0.2031385	0.1826623	0.1201443	-0.0625180
Albania	2011	4437.14	1303.02070	64.0	0.557	3.80	8.397765	7.172441	-0.5851900	4.158883	1.3350011	0.2936623	0.0639411	0.0095022	-0.0544388
Bahrain	2011	22514.24	4742.99252	77.7	0.617	5.79	10.021903	8.464424	-0.4828863	4.352855	1.7561323	0.2106663	0.1256684	0.0842188	-0.0414496
Uganda	2011	829.01	213.17847	61.7	0.350	1.72	6.720232	5.362130	-1.0498221	4.122284	0.5423243	0.2571482	0.0231439	0.0831776	0.0600337
South Africa	2011	8007.48	1530.73908	62.7	0.421	3.67	8.988131	7.333506	-0.8651224	4.138361	1.3001917	0.1911636	0.0654956	0.0038709	-0.0616247
Italy	2011	38599.06	7612.06120	60.3	0.756	6.43	10.560983	8.937489	-0.2797139	4.099332	1.8609745	0.1972085	0.0652097	-0.0312229	-0.0964326
Ukraine	2011	3569.76	629.93761	45.8	0.637	4.38	8.180254	6.445621	-0.4509856	3.824284	1.4770487	0.1764650	0.1517914	-0.0198413	-0.1716327
Portugal	2011	23186.91	4271.08803	64.0	0.750	6.07	10.051343	8.359624	-0.2876821	4.158883	1.8033586	0.1842026	0.0525975	-0.0193240	-0.0719215
Mexico	2011	10203.42	2273.20908	67.8	0.592	3.78	9.230478	7.728948	-0.5242486	4.216562	1.3297240	0.2227889	0.0710285	0.0140436	-0.0569848
Paraguay	2011	5322.96	1116.38926	62.3	0.515	3.10	8.579785	7.017855	-0.6635884	4.131961	1.1314021	0.2097309	0.1679337	0.0129610	-0.1549727
New Zealand	2011	38437.54	7627.24893	82.3	0.776	7.31	10.556790	8.939483	-0.2536028	4.410371	1.9892433	0.1984323	0.1004355	0.0217707	-0.0786648
Burkina Faso	2011	751.17	158.60078	60.6	0.328	1.11	6.621632	5.066390	-1.1147417	4.104295	0.1043600	0.2111383	0.1260692	0.0021430	-0.1239262
Oman	2011	20876.79	4858.17827	69.8	0.561	4.80	9.946393	8.488419	-0.5780344	4.245634	1.5686159	0.2327071	0.1162328	0.1152891	-0.0009438
Hungary	2011	14216.17	2781.03085	66.6	0.694	5.91	9.562135	7.930577	-0.3652833	4.198705	1.7766458	0.1956245	0.0702045	0.0058452	-0.0643593
Luxembourg	2011	115761.51	22201.65965	76.2	0.699	7.76	11.659287	10.007922	-0.3581045	4.333361	2.0489823	0.1917879	0.0615836	0.0028520	-0.0587316
Mauritius	2011	9197.03	2157.57284	76.2	0.605	4.23	9.126636	7.676739	-0.5025268	4.333361	1.4422020	0.2345945	0.1199225	-0.0200474	-0.1399698
Chad	2011	984.74	278.48693	45.3	0.287	0.94	6.892378	5.629371	-1.2482731	3.813307	-0.0618754	0.2828025	0.1219144	0.0185353	-0.1033791
Indonesia	2011	3643.04	1142.31533	56.0	0.502	3.14	8.200574	7.040813	-0.6891552	4.025352	1.1442228	0.3135610	0.1104357	0.0185687	-0.0918670
Turkey	2011	11420.77	3172.49108	64.2	0.625	4.47	9.343189	8.062272	-0.4700036	4.162003	1.4973884	0.2777826	0.0079682	-0.0136842	-0.0216524
Spain	2011	31636.45	6332.54003	70.2	0.715	6.65	10.362065	8.753457	-0.3354727	4.251348	1.8946169	0.2001659	0.0543247	0.0267937	-0.0275311
United States	2011	49886.82	9372.28559	77.8	0.706	7.35	10.817512	9.145512	-0.3481400	4.354141	1.9947003	0.1878710	0.0358949	0.0042586	-0.0316364
Azerbaijan	2011	7189.69	1450.70746	59.7	0.519	4.62	8.880403	7.279807	-0.6558514	4.089332	1.5303947	0.2017761	0.1789717	0.1081222	-0.0708495
Botswana	2011	7617.33	2440.96060	68.8	0.378	2.83	8.938181	7.800147	-0.9728611	4.231204	1.0402767	0.3204483	0.1482016	-0.0321130	-0.1803145
Madagascar	2011	531.27	131.14833	61.2	0.386	1.28	6.275270	4.876329	-0.9519179	4.114147	0.2468601	0.2468582	0.0950410	-0.0779666	-0.1730076
Zimbabwe	2011	1093.65	160.05309	22.1	0.415	2.16	6.997276	5.075506	-0.8794768	3.095578	0.7701082	0.1463476	0.1540817	0.1242614	-0.0298203
Canada	2011	52087.45	12289.11643	80.8	0.778	7.14	10.860679	9.416469	-0.2510288	4.391977	1.9657128	0.2359324	0.0741816	0.0204889	-0.0536927
Kazakhstan	2011	11634.00	2497.20373	62.1	0.634	5.41	9.361687	7.822927	-0.4557063	4.128746	1.6882491	0.2146470	0.2735318	0.1354241	-0.1381076
Colombia	2011	7335.17	1607.56238	68.0	0.582	3.89	8.900436	7.382474	-0.5412848	4.219508	1.3584092	0.2191582	0.1182093	0.0323293	-0.0858799
Estonia	2011	17621.55	4620.82207	75.2	0.729	6.74	9.776878	8.438328	-0.3160815	4.320151	1.9080599	0.2622256	0.0747882	0.0126235	-0.0621647
Belgium	2011	47348.53	10871.27469	70.2	0.754	6.85	10.765291	9.293879	-0.2823629	4.251348	1.9242487	0.2296011	0.0456537	0.0146513	-0.0310024
Senegal	2011	1373.52	287.24194	55.7	0.395	1.88	7.225132	5.660325	-0.9288695	4.019980	0.6312718	0.2091283	0.0388352	0.0634314	0.0245962
Algeria	2011	5462.26	1729.94259	52.4	0.529	2.98	8.605618	7.455844	-0.6367668	3.958907	1.0919233	0.3167082	0.1760370	-0.0857388	-0.2617758
France	2011	43790.73	9825.10998	64.6	0.758	7.26	10.687177	9.192697	-0.2770719	4.168214	1.9823798	0.2243651	0.0555750	0.0117361	-0.0438389
Peru	2011	5869.32	1370.40081	68.6	0.551	3.58	8.677494	7.222859	-0.5960205	4.228293	1.2753628	0.2334854	0.1203866	-0.0019363	-0.1223230
Bulgaria	2011	7809.43	1635.74500	64.9	0.649	5.50	8.963087	7.399854	-0.4323226	4.172848	1.7047481	0.2094577	0.1360165	0.0500187	-0.0859978
Germany	2011	46644.78	9504.82917	71.8	0.768	7.33	10.750316	9.159555	-0.2639655	4.273885	1.9919755	0.2037705	0.0912926	0.0166418	-0.0746508
Australia	2011	62517.83	16293.62618	82.5	0.765	7.54	11.043207	9.698529	-0.2678794	4.412798	2.0202222	0.2606237	0.1561208	0.0284005	-0.1277203
Greece	2011	25916.29	3956.62358	60.3	0.710	6.21	10.162627	8.283146	-0.3424903	4.099332	1.8261609	0.1526694	-0.0166823	-0.0374177	-0.0207354
Jordan	2011	3852.75	955.20475	68.9	0.557	3.90	8.256543	6.861926	-0.5851900	4.232656	1.3609766	0.2479280	0.0431933	0.0622136	0.0190203
Netherlands	2011	54159.35	10902.72529	74.7	0.799	7.85	10.899686	9.296768	-0.2243943	4.313480	2.0605135	0.2013083	0.0467109	-0.0001790	-0.0468899
Malaysia	2011	10399.37	2306.90733	66.3	0.593	4.81	9.249500	7.743663	-0.5225609	4.194190	1.5706971	0.2218315	0.1233706	0.0146027	-0.1087679
Ireland	2011	51848.91	8607.81302	78.7	0.775	7.10	10.856089	9.060426	-0.2548922	4.365643	1.9600948	0.1660172	0.0708746	-0.0240162	-0.0948909
Uruguay	2011	14236.68	2721.84952	70.0	0.593	5.38	9.563577	7.909067	-0.5225609	4.248495	1.6826884	0.1911857	0.1410238	0.0388159	-0.1022079
Poland	2011	13879.56	2863.65420	64.1	0.709	6.22	9.538172	7.959854	-0.3438998	4.160444	1.8277699	0.2063217	0.0812229	-0.0112581	-0.0924810
Ecuador	2011	5200.56	1342.88527	47.1	0.539	3.73	8.556522	7.202576	-0.6180397	3.852273	1.3164082	0.2582194	0.0914796	-0.0239700	-0.1154496
Saudi Arabia	2011	23745.80	5377.16477	66.2	0.555	5.46	10.075161	8.589916	-0.5887872	4.192680	1.6974488	0.2264470	0.1887912	0.1282791	-0.0605120
Panama	2011	9358.25	2914.00230	64.9	0.518	4.38	9.144014	7.977283	-0.6577800	4.172848	1.4770487	0.3113833	0.0920064	0.0749477	-0.0170587
Sweden	2011	60755.76	13863.58843	71.9	0.769	8.41	11.014617	9.537021	-0.2626643	4.275276	2.1294215	0.2281856	0.1120686	-0.0093053	-0.1213739
Japan	2011	48168.00	10560.65335	72.8	0.824	7.77	10.782450	9.264890	-0.1935847	4.287716	2.0502702	0.2192462	0.0640447	0.0037886	-0.0602561
United Kingdom	2011	42038.57	6481.31067	74.5	0.767	7.63	10.646343	8.776678	-0.2652685	4.310799	2.0320878	0.1541753	0.0600102	-0.0251801	-0.0851904
Namibia	2011	5723.33	1299.11596	62.7	0.401	2.60	8.652306	7.169439	-0.9137939	4.138361	0.9555114	0.2269860	0.0948752	-0.0034660	-0.0983412
Benin	2011	1130.27	206.00729	56.0	0.373	1.57	7.030212	5.327911	-0.9861769	4.025352	0.4510756	0.1822638	0.0804338	-0.0267323	-0.1071661
Tunisia	2011	4264.67	932.12603	58.5	0.521	3.58	8.358120	6.837468	-0.6520052	4.069027	1.2753628	0.2185693	0.0425508	-0.0179256	-0.0604764
United Arab Emirates	2011	39194.68	8401.69017	67.8	0.628	5.68	10.576296	9.036188	-0.4652151	4.216562	1.7369512	0.2143579	0.1538863	0.0616648	-0.0922214
Thailand	2011	5492.12	1418.96473	64.7	0.589	3.42	8.611070	7.257683	-0.5293291	4.169761	1.2296406	0.2583638	0.0443106	-0.0475166	-0.0918272
Denmark	2011	61753.65	11213.36832	78.6	0.755	8.18	11.030908	9.324862	-0.2810375	4.364372	2.1016922	0.1815823	0.0568231	0.0089457	-0.0478773
Finland	2012	47710.79	11010.62049	72.3	0.817	8.27	10.772913	9.306616	-0.2021162	4.280824	2.1126345	0.2307784	-0.0581205	0.0112028	0.0693233
Chile	2012	15351.55	3818.81153	78.3	0.639	5.68	9.638972	8.247694	-0.4478508	4.360548	1.7369512	0.2487574	0.0211191	0.1232008	0.1020817
Singapore	2012	55546.49	14680.93042	87.5	0.858	7.85	10.924976	9.594305	-0.1531512	4.471639	2.0605135	0.2642999	0.0137903	0.0424004	0.0286102
Croatia	2012	13258.36	2596.27862	60.9	0.703	6.70	9.492384	7.861834	-0.3523984	4.109233	1.9021075	0.1958220	-0.0686243	0.0840041	0.1526284
Morocco	2012	2912.66	963.62097	60.2	0.480	4.09	7.976822	6.870698	-0.7339692	4.097672	1.4085450	0.3308388	-0.0373623	0.1404095	0.1777719
Malta	2012	22527.64	3966.21510	67.0	0.687	7.08	10.022498	8.285568	-0.3754210	4.204693	1.9572739	0.1760599	-0.0123644	0.0526189	0.0649833
Argentina	2012	13082.66	2074.58682	48.0	0.596	5.58	9.479043	7.637517	-0.5175146	3.871201	1.7191888	0.1585753	0.0313326	0.0235655	-0.0077671
Latvia	2012	13926.35	3503.73048	65.2	0.692	6.84	9.541538	8.161584	-0.3681693	4.177460	1.9227877	0.2515900	-0.0270878	0.1218679	0.1489557
Moldova	2012	3045.74	719.82746	54.4	0.563	5.44	8.021499	6.579012	-0.5744757	3.996364	1.6937791	0.2363391	0.0257100	0.1750143	0.1493043
Israel	2012	32511.24	6818.64732	67.8	0.732	7.25	10.389341	8.827416	-0.3119748	4.216562	1.9810015	0.2097320	-0.0296095	0.0686224	0.0982318
Romania	2012	8507.10	2342.40424	64.4	0.600	5.52	9.048656	7.758933	-0.5108256	4.165114	1.7083779	0.2753470	-0.0528874	0.0843420	0.1372294
Brazil	2012	12370.02	2564.13735	57.9	0.539	5.16	9.423031	7.849377	-0.6180397	4.058717	1.6409366	0.2072864	-0.0525334	0.1450794	0.1976128
Costa Rica	2012	9913.21	2041.93659	68.0	0.602	5.64	9.201624	7.621654	-0.5074978	4.219508	1.7298841	0.2059814	0.0604392	0.2428431	0.1824039
Cyprus	2012	28912.16	3412.16946	71.8	0.705	6.09	10.272018	8.135104	-0.3495575	4.273885	1.8066481	0.1180185	-0.0668079	0.0437529	0.1105608
Cameroon	2012	1354.55	308.34032	51.8	0.384	1.98	7.211225	5.731204	-0.9571127	3.947390	0.6830968	0.2276330	-0.0104416	0.1762792	0.1867208
Czech Republic	2012	19870.80	5197.28128	69.9	0.741	6.57	9.897007	8.555891	-0.2997547	4.247066	1.8825138	0.2615537	-0.0619107	0.0348366	0.0967473
Austria	2012	48567.70	11000.23950	70.3	0.752	7.46	10.790714	9.305672	-0.2850190	4.252772	2.0095554	0.2264929	-0.0431879	0.0269562	0.0701440
Lithuania	2012	14373.06	2490.01325	71.5	0.697	6.50	9.573111	7.820043	-0.3609699	4.269697	1.8718022	0.1732417	0.0134474	0.1184710	0.1050236
Norway	2012	101524.14	22715.62056	68.8	0.771	8.35	11.528052	10.030808	-0.2600669	4.231204	2.1222615	0.2237460	-0.0021011	0.0250090	0.0271101
Slovenia	2012	22643.10	4309.37068	62.9	0.763	6.96	10.027610	8.368547	-0.2704972	4.141546	1.9401795	0.1903172	-0.0711457	0.0264416	0.0975872
Switzerland	2012	83538.23	19882.80151	81.1	0.768	7.94	11.333060	9.897610	-0.2639655	4.395683	2.0719133	0.2380084	-0.0478394	0.0313209	0.0791603
Iceland	2012	45910.02	7335.54096	70.9	0.751	8.58	10.734439	8.900486	-0.2863496	4.261270	2.1494339	0.1597808	-0.0359314	0.0939296	0.1298610
Georgia	2012	4421.82	977.88228	69.4	0.562	4.48	8.394307	6.885389	-0.5762534	4.239887	1.4996230	0.2211493	0.0620373	0.0407534	-0.0212839
Albania	2012	4247.63	1125.14100	65.1	0.566	4.42	8.354116	7.025664	-0.5691612	4.175924	1.4861397	0.2648868	0.0070134	0.1681801	0.1611667
Bahrain	2012	23654.35	6348.19160	75.2	0.623	7.22	10.071302	8.755925	-0.4732088	4.320151	1.9768550	0.2683731	-0.0217519	0.1880186	0.2097705
Uganda	2012	786.73	197.78979	61.9	0.355	1.90	6.667885	5.287205	-1.0356375	4.125520	0.6418539	0.2514075	-0.0228919	0.1027658	0.1256578
South Africa	2012	7501.66	1442.40218	62.7	0.421	4.19	8.922880	7.274065	-0.8651224	4.138361	1.4327007	0.1922777	-0.0538226	0.1325091	0.1863317
Italy	2012	35053.53	6415.88538	58.8	0.755	6.66	10.464632	8.766532	-0.2810375	4.074142	1.8961195	0.1830311	-0.0661425	0.0099547	0.0760972
Ukraine	2012	3855.42	732.27655	46.1	0.637	4.97	8.257235	6.596158	-0.4509856	3.830813	1.6034198	0.1899343	0.0483894	0.1329000	0.0845106
Portugal	2012	20564.89	3254.23340	63.0	0.753	6.57	9.931340	8.087712	-0.2836901	4.143135	1.8825138	0.1582422	-0.0736144	0.0634069	0.1370213
Mexico	2012	10241.73	2336.40566	65.3	0.594	4.07	9.234226	7.756369	-0.5208760	4.178992	1.4036430	0.2281261	0.0000954	0.0363488	0.0362534
Paraguay	2012	5183.08	1012.22383	61.8	0.517	3.56	8.553155	6.919905	-0.6597124	4.123903	1.2697605	0.1952939	-0.0043820	0.1303004	0.1346824
New Zealand	2012	39982.75	8217.83999	82.1	0.776	7.62	10.596203	9.014063	-0.2536028	4.407938	2.0307764	0.2055346	0.0240847	0.0391000	0.0150153
Burkina Faso	2012	758.00	167.93546	60.6	0.334	1.35	6.630683	5.123580	-1.0966143	4.104295	0.3001046	0.2215507	0.0104923	0.1957446	0.1852523
Oman	2012	21872.62	4756.98909	67.9	0.568	5.43	9.992991	8.467370	-0.5656339	4.218036	1.6919391	0.2174860	0.0608790	0.0957252	0.0348463
Hungary	2012	12950.69	2486.55687	67.1	0.695	6.35	9.468904	7.818654	-0.3638434	4.206184	1.8484548	0.1920019	-0.0705782	0.0792884	0.1498666
Luxembourg	2012	106749.01	21523.86239	74.5	0.698	8.19	11.578236	9.976918	-0.3595362	4.310799	2.1029139	0.2016306	-0.0759432	0.0313692	0.1073124
Mauritius	2012	9291.23	2098.21317	77.0	0.607	4.96	9.136826	7.648841	-0.4992265	4.343805	1.6014057	0.2258273	0.0190454	0.1696477	0.1506023
Chad	2012	967.35	300.84928	44.8	0.288	1.09	6.874560	5.706609	-1.2447948	3.802208	0.0861777	0.3110035	-0.0394421	0.1369542	0.1763963
Indonesia	2012	3694.35	1207.47469	56.4	0.507	3.70	8.214560	7.096286	-0.6792443	4.032469	1.3083328	0.3268436	0.0025264	0.1712275	0.1687011
Turkey	2012	11795.32	3188.08285	62.5	0.626	5.12	9.375458	8.067175	-0.4684049	4.135167	1.6331544	0.2702837	0.0321107	0.1089294	0.0768187
Spain	2012	28324.43	5238.05854	69.1	0.717	7.14	10.251480	8.563706	-0.3326794	4.235555	1.9657128	0.1849308	-0.0732178	0.0553023	0.1285202
United States	2012	51610.61	10100.97824	76.3	0.708	7.90	10.851483	9.220388	-0.3453112	4.334673	2.0668628	0.1957151	0.0215914	0.0526940	0.0311025
Azerbaijan	2012	7496.29	1683.30695	58.9	0.530	5.22	8.922163	7.428516	-0.6348783	4.075841	1.6524974	0.2245520	0.0246309	0.1086118	0.0839809
Botswana	2012	7050.57	2554.25901	69.6	0.383	3.94	8.860864	7.845517	-0.9597203	4.242765	1.3711807	0.3622770	-0.0853740	0.3424648	0.4278388
Madagascar	2012	518.15	121.07018	62.4	0.386	1.43	6.250265	4.796370	-0.9519179	4.133565	0.3576744	0.2336585	-0.0063226	0.1302325	0.1365550
Zimbabwe	2012	1304.97	158.53217	26.3	0.420	2.68	7.173935	5.065957	-0.8675006	3.269569	0.9858168	0.1214834	0.1883405	0.3896999	0.2013594
Canada	2012	52678.39	12905.37348	79.9	0.781	7.37	10.871961	9.465399	-0.2471801	4.380776	1.9974177	0.2449842	0.0022000	0.0205038	0.0183038
Kazakhstan	2012	12386.70	2824.55840	63.6	0.644	5.80	9.424379	7.946107	-0.4400566	4.152614	1.7578579	0.2280316	0.0466836	0.0934763	0.0467927
Colombia	2012	8050.26	1700.63331	68.0	0.584	4.61	8.993460	7.438756	-0.5378543	4.219508	1.5282279	0.2112520	0.0838400	0.1698187	0.0859787
Estonia	2012	17534.42	4996.76023	73.2	0.734	7.54	9.771921	8.516545	-0.3092463	4.293195	2.0202222	0.2849687	-0.0223588	0.0852064	0.1075652
Belgium	2012	44673.12	10263.86044	69.0	0.755	7.33	10.707127	9.236384	-0.2810375	4.234107	1.9919755	0.2297547	-0.0439332	0.0504851	0.0944183
Senegal	2012	1329.98	272.81246	55.4	0.398	2.20	7.192919	5.608785	-0.9213033	4.014580	0.7884574	0.2051252	-0.0156265	0.1517850	0.1674115
Algeria	2012	5591.21	1722.04367	51.0	0.529	3.30	8.628951	7.451267	-0.6367668	3.931826	1.1939225	0.3079912	0.0247426	0.0749182	0.0501756
France	2012	40874.70	9183.70018	63.2	0.758	7.73	10.618267	9.125186	-0.2770719	4.146304	2.0451089	0.2246793	-0.0537425	0.0408189	0.0945614
Peru	2012	6528.97	1635.15014	68.7	0.557	3.92	8.784004	7.399490	-0.5851900	4.229749	1.3660917	0.2504453	0.0703919	0.0921855	0.0217936
Bulgaria	2012	7395.85	1569.86244	64.7	0.649	6.12	8.908674	7.358743	-0.4323226	4.169761	1.8115621	0.2122626	-0.0456868	0.1037276	0.1494143
Germany	2012	43858.36	8915.04710	71.0	0.768	7.72	10.688721	9.095496	-0.2639655	4.262680	2.0438144	0.2032690	-0.0485744	0.0406342	0.0892086
Australia	2012	68012.15	18650.91837	83.1	0.767	8.03	11.127442	9.833651	-0.2652685	4.420045	2.0831845	0.2742292	0.0490753	0.0702088	0.0211335
Greece	2012	22242.68	2808.19672	55.4	0.707	6.70	10.009768	7.940298	-0.3467246	4.014580	1.9021075	0.1262526	-0.1132730	-0.0088059	0.1044671
Jordan	2012	3909.91	828.79000	69.9	0.557	4.48	8.271270	6.719967	-0.5851900	4.247066	1.4996230	0.2119716	0.0448184	0.1530560	0.1082375
Netherlands	2012	50073.01	9370.35846	73.3	0.799	8.36	10.821237	9.145307	-0.2243943	4.294561	2.1234584	0.1871339	-0.0501049	0.0440254	0.0941303
Malaysia	2012	10817.44	2743.67654	66.4	0.596	5.18	9.288915	7.917054	-0.5175146	4.195697	1.6448051	0.2536346	-0.0007972	0.0756151	0.0764123
Ireland	2012	48917.90	9591.93690	76.9	0.779	7.48	10.797899	9.168678	-0.2497442	4.342506	2.0122328	0.1960824	-0.0752784	0.0290007	0.1042791
Uruguay	2012	15171.58	3361.01934	69.9	0.594	5.92	9.627179	8.120000	-0.5208760	4.247066	1.7783364	0.2215339	0.0181851	0.0942185	0.0760334
Poland	2012	13097.27	2601.41180	64.2	0.715	6.63	9.480159	7.863810	-0.3354727	4.162003	1.8916048	0.1986224	-0.0321837	0.0653937	0.0975774
Ecuador	2012	5682.05	1532.09782	48.3	0.547	4.28	8.645067	7.334393	-0.6033065	3.877432	1.4539530	0.2696382	0.0637633	0.1627033	0.0989400
Saudi Arabia	2012	25243.36	5625.07111	62.5	0.558	6.01	10.136318	8.634989	-0.5833963	4.135167	1.7934247	0.2228337	0.0553034	0.0384621	-0.0168414
Panama	2012	10722.28	3803.26970	65.2	0.517	4.69	9.280079	8.243616	-0.6597124	4.177460	1.5454326	0.3547072	0.0403481	0.0729957	0.0326476
Sweden	2012	58037.82	13236.16448	71.7	0.773	8.68	10.968850	9.490708	-0.2574762	4.272491	2.1610215	0.2280610	-0.0311999	0.0288145	0.0600145
Japan	2012	48603.48	10890.94171	71.6	0.825	8.15	10.791450	9.295687	-0.1923719	4.271095	2.0980179	0.2240774	0.0030406	0.0311269	0.0280863
United Kingdom	2012	42462.77	6577.68581	74.1	0.769	8.28	10.656383	8.791438	-0.2626643	4.305415	2.1138430	0.1549048	0.0099545	0.0763715	0.0664170
Namibia	2012	5942.22	1529.96156	61.9	0.406	3.08	8.689838	7.332998	-0.9014021	4.125520	1.1249296	0.2574731	0.0046213	0.1565769	0.1519556
Benin	2012	1145.14	185.55896	55.7	0.376	1.75	7.043282	5.223373	-0.9781661	4.019980	0.5596158	0.1620404	0.0367225	0.1031686	0.0664461
Tunisia	2012	4152.68	934.02568	58.6	0.520	4.07	8.331509	6.839504	-0.6539265	4.070735	1.4036430	0.2249212	-0.0285579	0.1299881	0.1585461
United Arab Emirates	2012	40976.50	8528.23973	69.3	0.633	6.27	10.620754	9.051138	-0.4572849	4.238445	1.8357764	0.2081251	0.0476260	0.1207078	0.0730818
Thailand	2012	5860.58	1577.33457	64.9	0.592	4.09	8.676004	7.363492	-0.5242486	4.172848	1.4085450	0.2691431	0.0401696	0.1819908	0.1418213
Denmark	2012	58507.51	10986.36489	76.2	0.756	8.78	10.976910	9.304410	-0.2797139	4.333361	2.1724764	0.1877770	-0.0490825	0.0397740	0.0888565
Finland	2013	49878.04	10977.16814	74.0	0.815	8.31	10.817336	9.303573	-0.2045672	4.304065	2.1174596	0.2200802	0.0431813	0.0280661	-0.0151153
Chile	2013	15842.94	3929.73433	79.0	0.643	5.92	9.670479	8.276327	-0.4416106	4.369448	1.7783364	0.2480433	0.0290978	0.0502855	0.0211876
Singapore	2013	56967.43	15693.50928	88.0	0.862	7.90	10.950235	9.661003	-0.1485000	4.477337	2.0668628	0.2754821	0.0102552	0.0120472	0.0017921
Croatia	2013	13674.42	2687.88018	61.3	0.705	6.90	9.523282	7.896508	-0.3495575	4.115780	1.9315214	0.1965626	0.0263656	0.0359606	0.0095950
Morocco	2013	3121.68	975.64811	59.6	0.483	4.27	8.046127	6.883102	-0.7277386	4.087656	1.4516138	0.3125394	0.0697111	0.0330521	-0.0366590
Malta	2013	24771.08	4093.14116	67.5	0.690	7.25	10.117432	8.317068	-0.3710637	4.212128	1.9810015	0.1652387	0.0933661	0.0311625	-0.0622035
Argentina	2013	13080.25	2130.70956	46.7	0.598	5.80	9.478859	7.664210	-0.5141645	3.843744	1.7578579	0.1628952	-0.0017280	0.0112123	0.0129403
Latvia	2013	15120.78	3481.72681	66.5	0.696	7.03	9.623825	8.155284	-0.3624056	4.197202	1.9501867	0.2302611	0.0881744	0.0471415	-0.0410329
Moldova	2013	3322.04	765.19371	55.5	0.566	5.72	8.108334	6.640129	-0.5691612	4.016383	1.7439688	0.2303385	0.0768478	0.0702086	-0.0066392
Israel	2013	36309.47	7417.37065	66.9	0.735	7.29	10.499834	8.911580	-0.3078848	4.203199	1.9865035	0.2042820	0.0965541	-0.0078612	-0.1044152
Romania	2013	9547.85	2358.45561	65.1	0.599	5.83	9.164071	7.765762	-0.5124937	4.175924	1.7630170	0.2470143	0.1124720	0.0654501	-0.0470219
Brazil	2013	12300.32	2571.67995	57.7	0.541	5.50	9.417381	7.852315	-0.6143360	4.055257	1.7047481	0.2090742	-0.0033353	0.0603513	0.0636866
Costa Rica	2013	10490.08	2048.30641	67.0	0.604	5.92	9.258185	7.624769	-0.5041811	4.204693	1.7783364	0.1952613	0.0586228	0.0336373	-0.0249855
Cyprus	2013	27729.19	2949.31690	69.0	0.712	6.11	10.230241	7.989329	-0.3396774	4.234107	1.8099268	0.1063615	-0.0174426	-0.0364993	-0.0190567
Cameroon	2013	1465.64	331.47931	52.3	0.385	2.10	7.290047	5.803565	-0.9545119	3.956996	0.7419373	0.2261669	0.0644696	0.0684467	0.0039772
Czech Republic	2013	20133.17	5105.74803	70.9	0.745	6.72	9.910124	8.538122	-0.2943711	4.261270	1.9050882	0.2535988	0.0216418	0.0367791	0.0151373
Austria	2013	50716.71	11685.22988	71.8	0.754	7.62	10.834011	9.366081	-0.2823629	4.273885	2.0307764	0.2304020	0.0314226	0.0423336	0.0109111
Lithuania	2013	15726.63	2897.11106	72.1	0.699	6.74	9.663111	7.971469	-0.3581045	4.278054	1.9080599	0.1842169	0.0644421	0.0446143	-0.0198277
Norway	2013	102913.45	24214.39544	70.5	0.771	8.39	11.541644	10.094703	-0.2600669	4.255613	2.1270405	0.2352889	-0.0014419	0.0291879	0.0306299
Slovenia	2013	23496.60	4613.22771	61.7	0.766	7.13	10.064611	8.436683	-0.2665731	4.122284	1.9643112	0.1963360	0.0267767	0.0048695	-0.0219072
Switzerland	2013	85112.46	20026.34082	81.0	0.767	8.11	11.351729	9.904804	-0.2652685	4.394449	2.0930979	0.2352927	0.0159802	0.0199508	0.0039706
Iceland	2013	49522.24	7751.59746	72.1	0.750	8.64	10.810177	8.955654	-0.2876821	4.278054	2.1564026	0.1565276	0.0659793	0.0237523	-0.0422270
Georgia	2013	4623.75	868.77862	72.2	0.567	4.86	8.438961	6.767088	-0.5673960	4.279440	1.5810384	0.1878948	0.0740760	0.1209686	0.0468926
Albania	2013	4413.06	1150.90754	65.2	0.576	4.72	8.392324	7.048306	-0.5516476	4.177460	1.5518088	0.2607958	0.0452482	0.0672040	0.0219558
Bahrain	2013	24744.30	6127.60534	75.5	0.629	7.40	10.116350	8.720559	-0.4636240	4.324133	2.0014800	0.2476370	0.0610173	0.0286065	-0.0324108
Uganda	2013	806.60	245.54762	61.1	0.359	1.94	6.692828	5.503491	-1.0244329	4.112512	0.6626880	0.3044230	-0.0331060	0.0078258	0.0409318
South Africa	2013	6832.73	1392.09772	61.8	0.421	4.42	8.829480	7.238567	-0.8651224	4.123903	1.4861397	0.2037396	-0.0861677	0.0389809	0.1251485
Italy	2013	35549.97	6109.51153	60.6	0.754	6.94	10.478695	8.717602	-0.2823629	4.104295	1.9373018	0.1718570	0.0213744	0.0713353	0.0499609
Ukraine	2013	4029.71	679.46877	46.3	0.637	5.15	8.301450	6.521311	-0.4509856	3.835142	1.6389967	0.1686148	0.0568348	0.0399059	-0.0169289
Portugal	2013	21647.04	3193.28152	63.1	0.757	6.67	9.982624	8.068804	-0.2783920	4.144721	1.8976199	0.1475159	0.0585891	0.0166921	-0.0418971
Mexico	2013	10725.18	2280.62337	67.0	0.597	4.29	9.280349	7.732204	-0.5158382	4.204693	1.4562867	0.2126420	0.0552287	0.0783443	0.0231156
Paraguay	2013	5926.83	1127.01475	61.1	0.519	3.71	8.687245	7.027328	-0.6558514	4.112512	1.3110319	0.1901547	0.1167899	0.0298798	-0.0869101
New Zealand	2013	42962.99	9113.42827	81.4	0.775	7.82	10.668094	9.117504	-0.2548922	4.399375	2.0566846	0.2121228	0.0489327	0.0173454	-0.0315872
Burkina Faso	2013	787.47	184.91833	59.9	0.341	1.56	6.668825	5.219914	-1.0758728	4.092676	0.4446858	0.2348259	0.0313909	0.1329628	0.1015719
Oman	2013	20865.79	5114.36121	68.1	0.575	6.10	9.945866	8.539808	-0.5533852	4.220977	1.8082888	0.2451075	-0.0556333	0.1192908	0.1749241
Hungary	2013	13687.51	2852.20784	67.3	0.695	6.52	9.524239	7.955849	-0.3638434	4.209160	1.8748744	0.2083803	0.0267461	0.0293958	0.0026497
Luxembourg	2013	113625.13	22171.38349	74.2	0.697	8.26	11.640660	10.006558	-0.3609699	4.306764	2.1114246	0.1951275	0.0554868	0.0044757	-0.0510110
Mauritius	2013	9637.00	2008.62217	76.9	0.610	5.22	9.173365	7.605204	-0.4942963	4.342506	1.6524974	0.2084282	0.0495367	0.0497921	0.0002554
Chad	2013	979.81	280.05677	45.2	0.290	1.11	6.887359	5.634992	-1.2378744	3.811097	0.1043600	0.2858276	0.0382108	0.0270713	-0.0111396
Indonesia	2013	3623.91	1159.62103	56.9	0.512	3.83	8.195309	7.055848	-0.6694307	4.041295	1.3428648	0.3199917	0.0003621	0.0433582	0.0429961
Turkey	2013	12614.48	3582.31456	62.9	0.627	5.29	9.442601	8.183764	-0.4668087	4.141546	1.6658182	0.2839843	0.0351758	0.0390434	0.0038676
Spain	2013	29059.55	5040.75018	68.0	0.720	7.38	10.277102	8.525310	-0.3285041	4.219508	1.9987736	0.1734628	0.0357339	0.0170138	-0.0187200
United States	2013	53117.67	10506.53808	76.0	0.710	8.02	10.880265	9.259753	-0.3424903	4.330733	2.0819384	0.1977974	0.0232589	0.0111361	-0.0121228
Azerbaijan	2013	7875.76	2031.46394	59.7	0.540	5.65	8.971545	7.616512	-0.6161861	4.089332	1.7316555	0.2579388	0.0147606	0.0926491	0.0778885
Botswana	2013	7224.97	2420.19623	70.6	0.388	4.01	8.885298	7.791604	-0.9467499	4.257030	1.3887912	0.3349766	0.0511200	0.0318761	-0.0192439
Madagascar	2013	541.07	106.88658	62.0	0.385	1.42	6.293549	4.671768	-0.9545119	4.127134	0.3506569	0.1975467	0.0658170	-0.0134485	-0.0792655
Zimbabwe	2013	1430.00	131.29368	28.6	0.426	2.89	7.265430	4.877437	-0.8533159	3.353407	1.0612565	0.0918138	0.1216855	0.1592775	0.0375920
Canada	2013	52652.59	12741.23040	79.4	0.784	7.62	10.871471	9.452599	-0.2433463	4.374498	2.0307764	0.2419868	0.0055138	0.0270812	0.0215674
Kazakhstan	2013	13890.63	3039.57396	63.0	0.654	6.08	9.538970	8.019473	-0.4246479	4.143135	1.8050047	0.2188219	0.1105741	0.0376680	-0.0729061
Colombia	2013	8218.35	1753.66370	69.6	0.586	4.95	9.014125	7.469462	-0.5344355	4.242765	1.5993876	0.2133839	0.0168021	0.0944166	0.0776145
Estonia	2013	19174.10	5315.17317	75.3	0.739	7.68	9.861316	8.578321	-0.3024574	4.321480	2.0386195	0.2772059	0.0771769	0.0466821	-0.0304949
Belgium	2013	46744.66	10394.81757	69.2	0.756	7.57	10.752455	9.249063	-0.2797139	4.237001	2.0241931	0.2223744	0.0435380	0.0351119	-0.0084261
Senegal	2013	1376.07	304.30534	55.5	0.401	2.46	7.226987	5.718032	-0.9137939	4.016383	0.9001613	0.2211409	0.0157575	0.1135074	0.0977499
Algeria	2013	5498.78	1879.69437	49.6	0.530	3.42	8.612281	7.538864	-0.6348783	3.903991	1.2296406	0.3418384	-0.0453707	0.0078833	0.0532539
France	2013	42592.93	9394.12628	64.1	0.759	7.87	10.659444	9.147840	-0.2757535	4.160444	2.0630581	0.2205560	0.0372080	0.0320893	-0.0051188
Peru	2013	6756.75	1709.51230	68.2	0.563	4.00	8.818297	7.443963	-0.5744757	4.222445	1.3862944	0.2530081	0.0310442	0.0128981	-0.0181461
Bulgaria	2013	7655.13	1627.45787	65.0	0.649	6.31	8.943131	7.394774	-0.4323226	4.174387	1.8421357	0.2125970	0.0267969	0.0351996	0.0084028
Germany	2013	46285.76	9213.14931	72.8	0.768	7.90	10.742590	9.128387	-0.2639655	4.287716	2.0668628	0.1990493	0.0473220	0.0480845	0.0007624
Australia	2013	68150.11	18981.21547	82.6	0.769	8.18	11.129468	9.851205	-0.2626643	4.414010	2.1016922	0.2785207	-0.0009840	0.0124726	0.0134566
Greece	2013	21874.82	2659.41003	55.4	0.704	6.85	9.993092	7.885860	-0.3509769	4.014580	1.9242487	0.1215740	-0.0137938	0.0221411	0.0359350
Jordan	2013	4043.75	787.86700	70.4	0.556	4.62	8.304928	6.669329	-0.5869870	4.254193	1.5303947	0.1948357	0.0420773	0.0378993	-0.0041780
Netherlands	2013	52184.06	9580.80583	73.5	0.798	8.38	10.862532	9.167517	-0.2256467	4.297285	2.1258479	0.1835964	0.0361948	0.0051143	-0.0310805
Malaysia	2013	10970.12	2904.56569	66.1	0.600	5.20	9.302931	7.974039	-0.5108256	4.191169	1.6486586	0.2647706	0.0038455	-0.0006747	-0.0045203
Ireland	2013	51590.19	9574.33862	75.7	0.782	7.57	10.851087	9.166842	-0.2459005	4.326778	2.0241931	0.1855845	0.0566593	-0.0037674	-0.0604268
Uruguay	2013	16973.67	3707.47534	69.7	0.595	6.32	9.739419	8.218106	-0.5191939	4.244200	1.8437192	0.2184251	0.0921251	0.0625174	-0.0296076
Poland	2013	13696.47	2592.49277	66.0	0.721	6.60	9.524893	7.860375	-0.3271161	4.189655	1.8870696	0.1892818	0.0521592	0.0231164	-0.0290429
Ecuador	2013	6056.33	1668.73808	46.9	0.555	4.56	8.708859	7.419823	-0.5887872	3.848018	1.5173226	0.2755362	0.0507716	0.0339557	-0.0168159
Saudi Arabia	2013	24844.74	5889.68951	60.6	0.562	6.36	10.120401	8.680959	-0.5762534	4.104295	1.8500284	0.2370598	-0.0213651	0.0257320	0.0470970
Panama	2013	11889.13	4671.07138	62.5	0.517	4.75	9.383380	8.449144	-0.6597124	4.135167	1.5581446	0.3928859	0.0225519	-0.0295809	-0.0521328
Sweden	2013	61126.94	13749.45718	72.9	0.777	8.67	11.020708	9.528755	-0.2523149	4.289089	2.1598688	0.2249329	0.0473003	0.0154452	-0.0318551
Japan	2013	40454.45	9415.82643	71.8	0.825	8.22	10.607932	9.150147	-0.1923719	4.273885	2.1065702	0.2327513	-0.1496440	0.0113417	0.1609857
United Kingdom	2013	43444.53	6814.46700	74.8	0.771	8.50	10.679240	8.826803	-0.2600669	4.314818	2.1400662	0.1568544	0.0195001	0.0356255	0.0161254
Namibia	2013	5377.73	1660.95250	60.3	0.412	3.24	8.590022	7.415146	-0.8867319	4.099332	1.1755733	0.3088575	-0.1150495	0.0244557	0.1395051
Benin	2013	1251.21	259.10396	57.6	0.380	1.84	7.131866	5.557229	-0.9675840	4.053523	0.6097656	0.2070827	0.0278390	0.0836922	0.0558532
Tunisia	2013	4222.70	925.28575	57.0	0.519	4.23	8.348230	6.830103	-0.6558514	4.043051	1.4422020	0.2191218	0.0172777	0.0108756	-0.0064022
United Arab Emirates	2013	42412.63	7724.85467	71.1	0.639	7.03	10.655202	8.952198	-0.4478508	4.264087	1.9501867	0.1821357	0.0601837	0.1400528	0.0798691
Thailand	2013	6168.26	1570.19273	64.1	0.595	4.76	8.727172	7.358954	-0.5191939	4.160444	1.5602477	0.2545601	0.0560915	0.1392994	0.0832080
Denmark	2013	61191.19	11658.38597	76.1	0.758	8.86	11.021759	9.363781	-0.2770719	4.332048	2.1815468	0.1905239	0.0356752	0.0077572	-0.0279180
Finland	2014	50260.30	10791.91009	73.4	0.814	8.07	10.824971	9.286552	-0.2057949	4.295924	2.0881535	0.2147204	0.0103252	-0.0374473	-0.0477725
Chile	2014	14671.00	3499.40016	78.7	0.646	5.93	9.593628	8.160347	-0.4369558	4.365643	1.7800242	0.2385250	-0.0456425	-0.0021169	0.0435256
Singapore	2014	57562.53	16191.30910	89.4	0.866	7.89	10.960627	9.692230	-0.1438704	4.493121	2.0655961	0.2812821	0.0049358	0.0145172	0.0095814
Croatia	2014	13599.41	2618.58900	60.4	0.708	6.80	9.517782	7.870391	-0.3453112	4.100989	1.9169226	0.1925517	0.0029570	-0.0293895	-0.0323466
Morocco	2014	3171.70	961.05458	58.3	0.486	4.26	8.062023	6.868031	-0.7215467	4.065602	1.4492692	0.3030093	0.0247787	-0.0243981	-0.0491769
Malta	2014	26754.27	4457.21225	66.4	0.693	7.35	10.194449	8.402279	-0.3667253	4.195697	1.9947003	0.1665982	0.0664369	-0.0027317	-0.0691686
Argentina	2014	12334.80	1971.09509	44.6	0.600	6.04	9.420180	7.586345	-0.5108256	3.797734	1.7984040	0.1597995	-0.0434307	-0.0054642	0.0379665
Latvia	2014	15713.54	3583.94490	68.7	0.701	6.89	9.662278	8.184219	-0.3552474	4.229749	1.9300711	0.2280800	0.0373787	0.0124316	-0.0249471
Moldova	2014	3328.80	861.92326	57.3	0.569	5.62	8.110367	6.759166	-0.5638748	4.048301	1.7263317	0.2589291	-0.0248718	0.0142805	0.0391523
Israel	2014	37678.89	7548.36337	68.4	0.738	7.36	10.536855	8.929086	-0.3038115	4.225373	1.9960599	0.2003340	0.0367716	0.0317302	-0.0050414
Romania	2014	10043.68	2446.82474	65.5	0.598	5.90	9.214699	7.802546	-0.5141645	4.182050	1.7749524	0.2436183	0.0404025	0.0180609	-0.0223415
Brazil	2014	12112.59	2406.74201	56.9	0.543	5.49	9.402001	7.786029	-0.6106460	4.041295	1.7029283	0.1986976	0.0007477	-0.0157817	-0.0165294
Costa Rica	2014	10547.15	2059.06869	66.9	0.607	5.71	9.263611	7.630009	-0.4992265	4.203199	1.7422190	0.1952251	0.0083899	-0.0376111	-0.0460010
Cyprus	2014	27129.63	2681.77813	67.6	0.720	6.60	10.208382	7.894235	-0.3285041	4.213608	1.8870696	0.0988505	-0.0023903	0.0566444	0.0590347
Cameroon	2014	1542.62	366.21154	52.6	0.387	2.05	7.341238	5.903211	-0.9493306	3.962716	0.7178398	0.2373958	0.0314861	-0.0183778	-0.0498639
Czech Republic	2014	19890.92	5053.01425	72.2	0.749	6.83	9.898019	8.527740	-0.2890163	4.279440	1.9213247	0.2540362	-0.0054735	0.0344061	0.0398796
Austria	2014	51717.50	11700.89334	72.4	0.757	7.59	10.853552	9.367420	-0.2783920	4.282206	2.0268316	0.2262463	0.0223102	0.0043770	-0.0179331
Lithuania	2014	16564.96	3125.80577	73.0	0.702	6.76	9.715045	8.047447	-0.3538219	4.290459	1.9110229	0.1886999	0.0410716	0.0153684	-0.0257033
Norway	2014	97019.18	23164.22540	70.9	0.771	8.35	11.482664	10.050364	-0.2600669	4.261270	2.1222615	0.2387592	-0.0483935	0.0008787	0.0492722
Slovenia	2014	24214.92	4626.88532	62.7	0.769	7.10	10.094724	8.439639	-0.2626643	4.138361	1.9600948	0.1910758	0.0327103	0.0118611	-0.0208492
Switzerland	2014	86605.56	20638.32508	81.6	0.766	8.29	11.369119	9.934905	-0.2665731	4.401829	2.1150500	0.2383025	0.0092236	0.0293322	0.0201086
Iceland	2014	54241.93	9326.42505	72.4	0.749	8.64	10.901210	9.140607	-0.2890163	4.282206	2.1564026	0.1719412	0.0581265	0.0041523	-0.0539743
Georgia	2014	4739.19	1035.72674	72.6	0.572	4.97	8.463622	6.942859	-0.5586163	4.284965	1.6034198	0.2185451	-0.0068926	0.0279063	0.0347989
Albania	2014	4578.63	1106.13646	66.9	0.585	4.57	8.429155	7.008629	-0.5361434	4.203199	1.5195132	0.2415868	0.0581756	-0.0065561	-0.0647317
Bahrain	2014	24989.40	6397.35077	75.1	0.634	7.10	10.126207	8.763639	-0.4557063	4.318821	1.9600948	0.2560026	0.0047187	-0.0466973	-0.0514161
Uganda	2014	879.72	225.16505	59.9	0.363	1.93	6.779604	5.416834	-1.0133524	4.092676	0.6575200	0.2559508	0.1172002	-0.0250033	-0.1422035
South Africa	2014	6433.40	1311.83623	62.5	0.420	4.46	8.769258	7.179183	-0.8675006	4.135167	1.4951488	0.2039103	-0.0500053	0.0202723	0.0702776
Italy	2014	35518.42	5938.56074	60.9	0.752	6.86	10.477807	8.689222	-0.2850190	4.109233	1.9257074	0.1671966	0.0016452	-0.0066561	-0.0083013
Ukraine	2014	3104.64	416.85890	49.3	0.638	5.10	8.040653	6.032748	-0.4494170	3.897924	1.6292405	0.1342696	-0.1938394	0.0530259	0.2468653
Portugal	2014	22074.30	3318.11962	63.5	0.760	6.73	10.002169	8.107154	-0.2744368	4.151040	1.9065751	0.1503160	0.0171415	0.0152744	-0.0018671
Mexico	2014	10928.92	2293.21346	66.8	0.600	4.47	9.299168	7.737709	-0.5108256	4.201703	1.4973884	0.2098298	0.0216238	0.0381121	0.0164883
Paraguay	2014	6102.94	1210.04593	62.0	0.521	3.71	8.716526	7.098414	-0.6520052	4.127134	1.3110319	0.1982726	0.0182703	0.0146225	-0.0036478
New Zealand	2014	44486.20	9938.94641	81.2	0.775	7.92	10.702934	9.204216	-0.2548922	4.396915	2.0693912	0.2234164	0.0154671	0.0102466	-0.0052205
Burkina Faso	2014	792.85	147.95520	58.9	0.348	1.57	6.675634	4.996910	-1.0555528	4.075841	0.4510756	0.1866118	0.0649521	-0.0104456	-0.0753978
Oman	2014	20035.17	4858.22478	67.4	0.582	5.77	9.905245	8.488428	-0.5412848	4.210645	1.7526721	0.2424848	-0.0189968	-0.0659489	-0.0469521
Hungary	2014	14267.01	3146.13882	67.0	0.695	6.57	9.565705	8.053931	-0.3638434	4.204693	1.8825138	0.2205184	0.0198371	0.0031718	-0.0166653
Luxembourg	2014	118823.65	23725.87533	74.2	0.695	8.33	11.685396	10.074321	-0.3638434	4.306764	2.1198635	0.1996730	0.0289054	0.0084389	-0.0204665
Mauritius	2014	10153.94	1916.22686	76.5	0.612	5.17	9.225617	7.558113	-0.4910230	4.337291	1.6428727	0.1887176	0.0637944	-0.0148398	-0.0786343
Chad	2014	1020.29	338.46219	44.5	0.291	1.09	6.927842	5.824412	-1.2344320	3.795489	0.0861777	0.3317314	-0.0200527	-0.0337902	-0.0137375
Indonesia	2014	3491.62	1136.67986	58.5	0.517	3.76	8.158121	7.035867	-0.6597124	4.069027	1.3244190	0.3255451	-0.0241283	0.0092856	0.0334139
Turkey	2014	12157.34	3495.96443	64.9	0.629	5.37	9.405688	8.159365	-0.4636240	4.172848	1.6808279	0.2875600	-0.0276269	0.0463111	0.0739380
Spain	2014	29461.55	5227.95587	67.2	0.723	7.38	10.290841	8.561776	-0.3243461	4.207673	1.9987736	0.1774501	0.0106882	-0.0118345	-0.0225227
United States	2014	55064.74	11184.38180	75.5	0.712	7.93	10.916265	9.322274	-0.3396774	4.324133	2.0706530	0.2031133	0.0255428	-0.0178861	-0.0434288
Azerbaijan	2014	7891.31	2164.61827	61.3	0.551	5.52	8.973517	7.679999	-0.5960205	4.115780	1.7083779	0.2743040	-0.0008082	0.0031701	0.0039784
Botswana	2014	7780.65	2370.04418	72.0	0.393	3.89	8.959395	7.770664	-0.9339457	4.276666	1.3584092	0.3046075	0.0893793	-0.0107461	-0.1001254
Madagascar	2014	530.86	97.03162	61.7	0.385	1.51	6.274498	4.575037	-0.9545119	4.122284	0.4121097	0.1827819	-0.0013696	0.0566023	0.0579719
Zimbabwe	2014	1434.90	137.88367	35.5	0.432	2.65	7.268850	4.926410	-0.8393297	3.569533	0.9745596	0.0960929	0.0113570	0.1294291	0.1180722
Canada	2014	50893.45	12416.24852	80.2	0.787	7.53	10.837490	9.426761	-0.2395270	4.384524	2.0188950	0.2439656	-0.0247903	-0.0018562	0.0229342
Kazakhstan	2014	12807.26	2760.72167	63.7	0.664	6.05	9.457767	7.923247	-0.4094731	4.154185	1.8000583	0.2155591	-0.0485564	0.0061034	0.0546598
Colombia	2014	8114.34	1839.56314	70.7	0.589	4.86	9.001388	7.517283	-0.5293291	4.258446	1.5810384	0.2267052	-0.0196291	-0.0026681	0.0169610
Estonia	2014	20367.10	5209.05776	75.9	0.744	7.70	9.921676	8.558154	-0.2957142	4.329417	2.0412203	0.2557584	0.0705367	0.0105373	-0.0599994
Belgium	2014	47700.54	10884.05563	69.9	0.756	7.51	10.772698	9.295054	-0.2797139	4.247066	2.0162355	0.2281747	0.0097486	0.0021072	-0.0076414
Senegal	2014	1396.66	327.93047	55.4	0.405	2.36	7.241839	5.792802	-0.9038682	4.014580	0.8586616	0.2347962	0.0048915	-0.0433032	-0.0481946
Algeria	2014	5494.35	2022.76386	50.8	0.530	3.75	8.611476	7.612220	-0.6348783	3.927896	1.3217558	0.3681534	-0.0278121	0.1160208	0.1438329
France	2014	43011.26	9379.89160	63.5	0.759	7.88	10.669217	9.146323	-0.2757535	4.151040	2.0643279	0.2180799	0.0101044	-0.0081346	-0.0182390
Peru	2014	6672.88	1637.55921	67.4	0.569	4.22	8.805807	7.400962	-0.5638748	4.210645	1.4398351	0.2454052	0.0060616	0.0417412	0.0356796
Bulgaria	2014	7876.87	1664.13222	65.7	0.649	6.33	8.971686	7.417059	-0.4323226	4.185099	1.8453002	0.2112682	0.0238466	0.0138762	-0.0099704
Germany	2014	47959.99	9607.01386	73.4	0.768	7.98	10.778122	9.170249	-0.2639655	4.295924	2.0769384	0.2003131	0.0271473	0.0182836	-0.0088637
Australia	2014	62510.79	16825.91938	82.0	0.772	8.03	11.043095	9.730676	-0.2587707	4.406719	2.0831845	0.2691682	-0.0510854	-0.0257981	0.0252873
Greece	2014	21760.98	2512.12088	55.7	0.701	6.86	9.987874	7.828883	-0.3552474	4.019980	1.9257074	0.1154415	-0.0024177	0.0068593	0.0092771
Jordan	2014	4130.88	800.38087	69.2	0.556	4.95	8.326246	6.685088	-0.5869870	4.237001	1.5993876	0.1937555	0.0182647	0.0518005	0.0335358
Netherlands	2014	52830.17	9309.21586	74.2	0.798	8.34	10.874838	9.138760	-0.2256467	4.306764	2.1210632	0.1762102	0.0173726	0.0046940	-0.0126785
Malaysia	2014	11319.08	2940.07399	69.6	0.604	5.62	9.334245	7.986190	-0.5041811	4.242765	1.7263317	0.2597450	0.0330771	0.1292689	0.0961917
Ireland	2014	55492.98	11453.00550	76.2	0.786	7.67	10.924012	9.346008	-0.2407985	4.333361	2.0373166	0.2063866	0.0399966	0.0197069	-0.0202898
Uruguay	2014	16831.97	3608.45903	69.3	0.596	6.32	9.731035	8.191036	-0.5175146	4.238445	1.8437192	0.2143813	-0.0012606	-0.0057554	-0.0044948
Poland	2014	14271.31	2841.22785	67.0	0.727	6.67	9.566007	7.951992	-0.3188288	4.204693	1.8976199	0.1990867	0.0295109	0.0255881	-0.0039228
Ecuador	2014	6377.09	1735.48847	48.0	0.562	4.40	8.760467	7.459044	-0.5762534	3.871201	1.4816045	0.2721443	0.0500568	-0.0125347	-0.0625915
Saudi Arabia	2014	24463.90	6145.48749	62.2	0.565	6.33	10.104954	8.723473	-0.5709295	4.130355	1.8453002	0.2512064	-0.0221410	0.0213320	0.0434730
Panama	2014	12796.07	5199.34945	63.4	0.516	4.69	9.456893	8.556289	-0.6616485	4.149464	1.5454326	0.4063239	0.0288285	0.0015853	-0.0272433
Sweden	2014	60020.36	13923.10937	73.1	0.781	8.52	11.002439	9.541305	-0.2471801	4.291828	2.1424163	0.2319731	-0.0172366	-0.0147127	0.0025239
Japan	2014	38109.41	9114.05135	72.4	0.826	8.25	10.548217	9.117573	-0.1911605	4.282206	2.1102132	0.2391549	-0.0510034	0.0119648	0.0629682
United Kingdom	2014	47425.61	7755.14208	74.9	0.773	8.37	10.766918	8.956111	-0.2574762	4.316154	2.1246539	0.1635222	0.0686997	-0.0140763	-0.0827760
Namibia	2014	5435.17	1924.54633	59.4	0.418	3.23	8.600646	7.562445	-0.8722738	4.084294	1.1724821	0.3540913	-0.0321943	-0.0181291	0.0140652
Benin	2014	1291.41	279.43090	57.1	0.384	1.84	7.163490	5.632755	-0.9571127	4.044804	0.6097656	0.2163766	0.0234871	-0.0087185	-0.0322056
Tunisia	2014	4305.47	875.05075	57.3	0.518	4.35	8.367642	6.774282	-0.6577800	4.048301	1.4701758	0.2032416	0.0292200	0.0332232	0.0040032
United Arab Emirates	2014	43751.84	8566.14708	71.4	0.645	6.79	10.686289	9.055573	-0.4385050	4.268298	1.9154509	0.1957894	0.0183638	-0.0305252	-0.0488890
Thailand	2014	5951.88	1461.16095	63.3	0.597	4.77	8.691462	7.286987	-0.5158382	4.147885	1.5623463	0.2454957	-0.0155101	-0.0104604	0.0050498
Denmark	2014	62548.98	11986.67234	76.1	0.759	8.66	11.043705	9.391551	-0.2757535	4.332048	2.1587147	0.1916366	0.0176908	-0.0228320	-0.0405228
Finland	2015	42784.70	9083.18428	73.4	0.812	8.36	10.663936	9.114180	-0.2082549	4.295924	2.1234584	0.2122998	-0.1263782	0.0353049	0.1616831
Chile	2015	13574.17	3227.29957	78.5	0.650	6.31	9.515924	8.079401	-0.4307829	4.363099	1.8421357	0.2377530	-0.0537537	0.0595669	0.1133206
Singapore	2015	55646.62	15148.27330	89.4	0.869	8.08	10.926777	9.625642	-0.1404122	4.493121	2.0893919	0.2722227	-0.0132069	0.0237957	0.0370026
Croatia	2015	11781.73	2303.22687	61.5	0.710	7.00	9.374305	7.742066	-0.3424903	4.119037	1.9459101	0.1954914	-0.1161206	0.0470356	0.1631562
Morocco	2015	2875.26	828.06294	60.1	0.489	4.47	7.963898	6.719089	-0.7153928	4.096010	1.4973884	0.2879958	-0.0508484	0.0785270	0.1293753
Malta	2015	24921.60	6030.93890	66.5	0.696	7.52	10.123490	8.704658	-0.3624056	4.197202	2.0175661	0.2419965	-0.1408596	0.0243707	0.1652303
Argentina	2015	13789.06	2146.23210	44.1	0.602	6.40	9.531631	7.671469	-0.5074978	3.786460	1.8562980	0.1556475	0.1010114	0.0466199	-0.0543915
Latvia	2015	13774.61	3012.92286	69.7	0.706	7.16	9.530582	8.010666	-0.3481400	4.244200	1.9685100	0.2187302	-0.0881816	0.0528900	0.1410716
Moldova	2015	2732.46	663.78887	57.5	0.572	5.81	7.912958	6.497964	-0.5586163	4.051785	1.7595806	0.2429272	-0.1299754	0.0367332	0.1667086
Israel	2015	35776.80	6829.29730	70.5	0.741	7.19	10.485055	8.828977	-0.2997547	4.255613	1.9726912	0.1908862	-0.0294085	0.0068711	0.0362796
Romania	2015	8969.15	2223.58906	66.6	0.596	6.11	9.101546	7.706878	-0.5175146	4.198705	1.8099268	0.2479152	-0.0919545	0.0516289	0.1435834
Brazil	2015	8814.00	1569.89887	56.6	0.545	6.03	9.084097	7.358766	-0.6069695	4.036009	1.7967470	0.1781142	-0.2387808	0.0885324	0.3273132
Costa Rica	2015	11299.14	2103.61848	67.2	0.609	6.20	9.332482	7.651414	-0.4959370	4.207673	1.8245493	0.1861751	0.0675629	0.0868045	0.0192417
Cyprus	2015	23333.71	2200.67306	67.9	0.727	6.37	10.057654	7.696518	-0.3188288	4.218036	1.8515995	0.0943130	-0.1233174	-0.0310421	0.0922752
Cameroon	2015	1327.50	305.95449	51.9	0.389	2.19	7.191053	5.723436	-0.9441759	3.949319	0.7839015	0.2304742	-0.1047847	0.0526644	0.1574491
Czech Republic	2015	17829.70	4731.65377	72.5	0.752	7.21	9.788621	8.462030	-0.2850190	4.283587	1.9754690	0.2653804	-0.0890230	0.0582908	0.1473138
Austria	2015	44178.05	10026.96217	71.2	0.759	7.67	10.695983	9.213033	-0.2757535	4.265493	2.0373166	0.2269671	-0.1204876	-0.0062285	0.1142592
Lithuania	2015	14258.23	2796.20509	74.7	0.705	7.08	9.565090	7.936019	-0.3495575	4.313480	1.9572739	0.1961117	-0.1246747	0.0692717	0.1939464
Norway	2015	74355.52	17722.16178	71.8	0.771	8.49	11.216613	9.782571	-0.2600669	4.273885	2.1388890	0.2383436	-0.2022240	0.0292415	0.2314655
Slovenia	2015	20881.77	3895.40807	60.3	0.772	7.23	9.946632	8.267554	-0.2587707	4.099332	1.9782390	0.1865459	-0.1128234	-0.0208851	0.0919383
Switzerland	2015	82081.60	19559.55740	80.5	0.765	8.56	11.315469	9.881219	-0.2678794	4.388257	2.1471002	0.2382941	-0.0418522	0.0184781	0.0603303
Iceland	2015	52564.43	10196.76195	72.0	0.747	8.86	10.869795	9.229826	-0.2916901	4.276666	2.1815468	0.1939860	-0.0508768	0.0196040	0.0704808
Georgia	2015	4014.19	977.54033	73.0	0.577	5.25	8.297591	6.885040	-0.5499130	4.290459	1.6582281	0.2435212	-0.1453666	0.0603028	0.2056694
Albania	2015	3952.80	965.01596	65.7	0.595	4.73	8.282179	6.872145	-0.5191939	4.185099	1.5539252	0.2441348	-0.1008436	0.0163120	0.1171555
Bahrain	2015	22634.12	5448.49352	73.4	0.640	7.63	10.027214	8.603094	-0.4462871	4.295924	2.0320878	0.2407204	-0.0531950	0.0490964	0.1022914
Uganda	2015	843.63	190.15475	59.7	0.368	2.14	6.737714	5.247838	-0.9996723	4.089332	0.7608058	0.2254007	0.0067986	0.0999413	0.0931427
South Africa	2015	5734.63	1164.76714	62.6	0.420	4.90	8.654279	7.060276	-0.8675006	4.136765	1.5892352	0.2031111	-0.0908287	0.0956852	0.1865138
Italy	2015	30230.23	5120.97842	61.7	0.751	7.12	10.316598	8.541101	-0.2863496	4.122284	1.9629077	0.1693993	-0.1372226	0.0502510	0.1874737
Ukraine	2015	2124.66	273.14320	46.9	0.638	5.23	7.661367	5.609996	-0.4494170	3.848018	1.6544113	0.1285585	-0.3249376	-0.0247357	0.3002020
Portugal	2015	19242.37	2985.88020	65.3	0.764	6.93	9.864870	8.001650	-0.2691875	4.178992	1.9358598	0.1551722	-0.1164934	0.0572368	0.1737302
Mexico	2015	9616.65	2158.24520	66.4	0.602	4.68	9.171251	7.677051	-0.5074978	4.195697	1.5432981	0.2244280	-0.1117221	0.0399037	0.1516258
Paraguay	2015	5406.70	1050.26354	61.1	0.523	3.79	8.595394	6.956796	-0.6481738	4.112512	1.3323660	0.1942522	-0.0905351	0.0067116	0.0972467
New Zealand	2015	38501.22	8808.02957	82.1	0.774	8.14	10.558445	9.083419	-0.2561834	4.407938	2.0967902	0.2287727	-0.1178498	0.0384217	0.1562715
Burkina Faso	2015	653.33	125.09390	58.6	0.354	1.77	6.482082	4.829065	-1.0384584	4.070735	0.5709795	0.1914712	-0.1475929	0.1147975	0.2623904
Oman	2015	16028.61	4507.97382	66.7	0.589	6.33	9.682130	8.413603	-0.5293291	4.200205	1.8453002	0.2812455	-0.1934765	0.0821881	0.2756646
Hungary	2015	12706.89	2819.64834	66.8	0.695	6.82	9.449900	7.944368	-0.3638434	4.201703	1.9198595	0.2218992	-0.0914934	0.0343561	0.1258495
Luxembourg	2015	101376.50	18461.27796	73.2	0.694	8.59	11.526597	9.823431	-0.3652833	4.293195	2.1505987	0.1821061	-0.1142881	0.0171666	0.1314546
Mauritius	2015	9260.45	1607.55887	76.4	0.615	5.41	9.133508	7.382472	-0.4861330	4.335983	1.6882491	0.1735940	-0.0575778	0.0440684	0.1016461
Chad	2015	776.02	215.84960	45.9	0.293	1.17	6.654178	5.374582	-1.2275827	3.826465	0.1570037	0.2781495	-0.1435995	0.1018020	0.2454015
Indonesia	2015	3331.70	1091.40199	58.1	0.521	3.94	8.111238	6.995218	-0.6520052	4.062166	1.3711807	0.3275811	-0.0283850	0.0399007	0.0682857
Turkey	2015	11006.25	3247.19113	63.2	0.630	5.58	9.306219	8.085546	-0.4620355	4.146304	1.7191888	0.2950316	-0.0765710	0.0118175	0.0883886
Spain	2015	25732.02	4629.14797	67.6	0.725	7.66	10.155491	8.440128	-0.3215836	4.213608	2.0360120	0.1798984	-0.1112002	0.0431731	0.1543733
United States	2015	56839.38	11601.97143	76.2	0.715	8.19	10.947985	9.358930	-0.3354727	4.333361	2.1029139	0.2041185	0.0275839	0.0414897	0.0139058
Azerbaijan	2015	5500.31	1530.47805	61.0	0.562	5.79	8.612560	7.333335	-0.5762534	4.110874	1.7561323	0.2782531	-0.2502306	0.0428485	0.2930791
Botswana	2015	6799.87	2311.06700	69.8	0.398	3.82	8.824659	7.745465	-0.9213033	4.245634	1.3402504	0.3398693	-0.1178263	-0.0491908	0.0686355
Madagascar	2015	467.24	88.58534	61.7	0.385	1.51	6.146843	4.483966	-0.9545119	4.122284	0.4121097	0.1895928	-0.1103890	0.0000000	0.1103890
Zimbabwe	2015	1445.07	144.44304	37.6	0.438	2.90	7.275913	4.972885	-0.8255364	3.627004	1.0647107	0.0999557	0.0148318	0.1476225	0.1327907
Canada	2015	43585.51	10391.31042	79.1	0.789	7.76	10.682480	9.248725	-0.2369890	4.370713	2.0489823	0.2384120	-0.1106306	0.0162767	0.1269072
Kazakhstan	2015	10510.77	2405.02447	63.3	0.674	6.20	9.260156	7.785315	-0.3945252	4.147885	1.8245493	0.2288153	-0.1545232	0.0181918	0.1727149
Colombia	2015	6175.88	1443.59755	71.7	0.591	5.32	8.728407	7.274894	-0.5259393	4.272491	1.6714733	0.2337477	-0.2137260	0.1044800	0.3182060
Estonia	2015	17522.23	4260.77345	76.8	0.750	8.05	9.771226	8.357206	-0.2876821	4.341205	2.0856721	0.2431639	-0.0955081	0.0562397	0.1517478
Belgium	2015	40991.81	9402.00082	68.8	0.757	7.88	10.621128	9.148678	-0.2783920	4.231204	2.0643279	0.2293629	-0.1169784	0.0322305	0.1492090
Senegal	2015	1219.25	280.63853	57.8	0.408	2.68	7.105991	5.637067	-0.8964881	4.056989	0.9858168	0.2301731	-0.0943205	0.1695644	0.2638849
Algeria	2015	4187.51	1769.51214	48.9	0.530	3.71	8.339862	7.478459	-0.6348783	3.889777	1.3110319	0.4225691	-0.2150908	-0.0488429	0.1662479
France	2015	36638.18	7873.98356	62.5	0.760	8.12	10.508846	8.971319	-0.2744368	4.135167	2.0943302	0.2149120	-0.1217269	0.0141289	0.1358558
Peru	2015	6229.10	1438.21039	67.7	0.575	4.26	8.736987	7.271155	-0.5533852	4.215086	1.4492692	0.2308857	-0.0307813	0.0138752	0.0446565
Bulgaria	2015	7055.94	1475.29556	66.8	0.649	6.52	8.861625	7.296614	-0.4323226	4.201703	1.8748744	0.2090856	-0.0848774	0.0461783	0.1310557
Germany	2015	41086.73	8226.56237	73.8	0.768	8.22	10.623440	9.015123	-0.2639655	4.301359	2.1065702	0.2002243	-0.1236221	0.0350666	0.1586887
Australia	2015	56755.72	14863.96012	81.4	0.774	8.29	10.946512	9.606695	-0.2561834	4.399375	2.1150500	0.2618936	-0.0622032	0.0245215	0.0867246
Greece	2015	18167.77	2100.11983	54.0	0.699	7.09	9.807404	7.649750	-0.3581045	3.988984	1.9586853	0.1155959	-0.1622891	0.0019818	0.1642709
Jordan	2015	4164.11	792.33735	69.3	0.555	4.75	8.334258	6.674987	-0.5887872	4.238445	1.5581446	0.1902777	0.0084764	-0.0397989	-0.0482753
Netherlands	2015	45175.23	9976.43260	73.7	0.798	8.53	10.718304	9.207981	-0.2256467	4.300003	2.1435894	0.2208386	-0.1718201	0.0157648	0.1875849
Malaysia	2015	9955.24	2574.98785	70.8	0.608	5.90	9.205854	7.853600	-0.4975804	4.259859	1.7749524	0.2586565	-0.0892021	0.0657151	0.1549172
Ireland	2015	61995.42	14915.58278	76.6	0.790	7.82	11.034816	9.610162	-0.2357223	4.338597	2.0566846	0.2405917	0.0511055	0.0246036	-0.0265020
Uruguay	2015	15613.76	3089.37633	68.6	0.597	6.70	9.655908	8.035725	-0.5158382	4.228293	1.9021075	0.1978624	-0.0430524	0.0482359	0.0912884
Poland	2015	12578.50	2524.55168	68.6	0.733	6.91	9.439744	7.833819	-0.3106096	4.228293	1.9329696	0.2007037	-0.0959749	0.0589497	0.1549246
Ecuador	2015	6124.49	1627.83268	49.2	0.570	4.81	8.720051	7.395005	-0.5621189	3.895894	1.5706971	0.2657907	-0.0130176	0.1137852	0.1268028
Saudi Arabia	2015	20627.93	6147.99317	62.1	0.568	7.05	9.934401	8.723881	-0.5656339	4.128746	1.9530276	0.2980422	-0.1669567	0.1061184	0.2730751
Panama	2015	13630.31	5374.84437	64.1	0.516	4.87	9.520051	8.589485	-0.6616485	4.160444	1.5830939	0.3943303	0.0500677	0.0486419	-0.0014258
Sweden	2015	51545.48	12245.91512	72.7	0.785	8.67	10.850220	9.412948	-0.2420716	4.286341	2.1598688	0.2375750	-0.1178299	0.0119655	0.1297953
Japan	2015	34524.47	8179.89476	73.3	0.826	8.47	10.449424	9.009435	-0.1911605	4.294561	2.1365305	0.2369304	-0.0731717	0.0386716	0.1118433
United Kingdom	2015	44974.83	7617.14988	75.8	0.774	8.75	10.713858	8.938158	-0.2561834	4.328098	2.1690537	0.1693647	-0.0489448	0.0563442	0.1052890
Namibia	2015	4869.38	1509.72202	59.6	0.423	3.41	8.490722	7.319681	-0.8603831	4.087656	1.2267123	0.3100440	-0.0264523	0.0575915	0.0840438
Benin	2015	1076.80	220.69765	58.8	0.388	2.05	6.981749	5.396794	-0.9467499	4.074142	0.7178398	0.2049570	-0.1251402	0.1374120	0.2625521
Tunisia	2015	3861.69	766.45916	57.7	0.517	4.73	8.258860	6.641781	-0.6597124	4.055257	1.5539252	0.1984777	-0.0840318	0.0907059	0.1747378
United Arab Emirates	2015	38663.38	9038.75336	72.4	0.650	7.32	10.562648	9.109276	-0.4307829	4.282206	1.9906103	0.2337807	-0.1302788	0.0890678	0.2193466
Thailand	2015	5840.05	1432.47695	62.4	0.600	5.36	8.672495	7.267160	-0.5108256	4.133565	1.6789640	0.2452850	-0.0103217	0.1022976	0.1126193
Denmark	2015	53254.86	10571.42416	76.3	0.760	8.88	10.882844	9.265910	-0.2744368	4.334673	2.1838016	0.1985063	-0.1348651	0.0277115	0.1625766
Finland	2016	43784.28	9958.64096	72.6	0.811	7.83	10.687030	9.206196	-0.2094872	4.284965	2.0579625	0.2274479	0.0012135	-0.0764549	-0.0776684
Chile	2016	13753.59	3126.90680	77.7	0.653	6.28	9.529055	8.047800	-0.4261781	4.352855	1.8373700	0.2273520	0.0238737	-0.0150091	-0.0388827
Singapore	2016	56828.30	14949.87105	87.8	0.873	7.85	10.947790	9.612458	-0.1358197	4.475061	2.0605135	0.2630709	0.0278657	-0.0469375	-0.0748032
Croatia	2016	12361.48	2479.29932	59.1	0.713	6.96	9.422341	7.815731	-0.3382739	4.079231	1.9401795	0.2005665	0.0366312	-0.0455369	-0.0821681
Morocco	2016	2896.72	883.26556	61.3	0.492	4.57	7.971334	6.783626	-0.7092766	4.115780	1.5195132	0.3049192	-0.0079913	0.0418948	0.0498861
Malta	2016	25617.83	6147.74407	66.7	0.699	7.65	10.151044	8.723840	-0.3581045	4.200205	2.0347056	0.2399791	0.0262192	0.0201425	-0.0060767
Argentina	2016	12790.24	1825.46980	43.8	0.604	6.68	9.456438	7.509593	-0.5041811	3.779634	1.8991180	0.1427237	-0.0492462	0.0359940	0.0852402
Latvia	2016	14315.79	2765.29770	70.4	0.710	7.05	9.569118	7.924904	-0.3424903	4.254193	1.9530276	0.1931642	0.0596607	-0.0054894	-0.0651501
Moldova	2016	2880.44	639.70977	57.4	0.575	6.21	7.965698	6.461015	-0.5533852	4.050044	1.8261609	0.2220875	0.0650161	0.0648397	-0.0001764
Israel	2016	37321.62	7681.05725	70.7	0.744	7.71	10.527328	8.946513	-0.2957142	4.258446	2.0425182	0.2058072	0.0212924	0.0726599	0.0513675
Romania	2016	9548.59	2191.11261	65.6	0.595	6.23	9.164149	7.692165	-0.5191939	4.183576	1.8293763	0.2294698	0.0646849	0.0043207	-0.0603642
Brazil	2016	8710.10	1353.29774	56.5	0.547	5.89	9.072239	7.210300	-0.6033065	4.034241	1.7732560	0.1553711	0.0143032	-0.0252594	-0.0395626
Costa Rica	2016	11666.46	2127.84745	67.4	0.612	6.29	9.364473	7.662866	-0.4910230	4.210645	1.8389611	0.1823902	0.0339205	0.0173835	-0.0165369
Cyprus	2016	24532.52	3243.68816	68.7	0.735	7.30	10.107755	8.084466	-0.3078848	4.229749	1.9878743	0.1322199	0.0083031	0.1479880	0.1396850
Cameroon	2016	1364.33	308.23723	54.2	0.391	2.14	7.218419	5.730870	-0.9390477	3.992681	0.7608058	0.2259257	0.0296562	0.0202664	-0.0093898
Czech Republic	2016	18575.23	4633.15417	73.2	0.756	7.06	9.829584	8.440993	-0.2797139	4.293195	1.9544451	0.2494265	0.0501924	-0.0114150	-0.0616074
Austria	2016	45276.83	10457.26713	71.7	0.761	7.70	10.720551	9.255052	-0.2731219	4.272491	2.0412203	0.2309629	0.0168862	0.0109016	-0.0059846
Lithuania	2016	14998.13	2978.28186	75.2	0.708	6.97	9.615681	7.999102	-0.3453112	4.320151	1.9416152	0.1985769	0.0414674	-0.0089875	-0.0504550
Norway	2016	70459.18	17757.95875	70.8	0.771	8.45	11.162789	9.784589	-0.2600669	4.259859	2.1341664	0.2520319	-0.0543329	-0.0187480	0.0355849
Slovenia	2016	21663.64	3764.95047	60.6	0.775	7.20	9.983391	8.233490	-0.2548922	4.104295	1.9740810	0.1737912	0.0458832	0.0008048	-0.0450784
Switzerland	2016	80172.23	19227.69629	81.0	0.764	8.66	11.291932	9.864107	-0.2691875	4.394449	2.1587147	0.2398299	-0.0204270	0.0178065	0.0382335
Iceland	2016	61466.80	12977.05154	73.3	0.746	8.78	11.026253	9.470938	-0.2930297	4.294561	2.1724764	0.2111229	0.1044964	0.0088241	-0.0956723
Georgia	2016	4062.17	1077.39999	72.6	0.582	5.59	8.309473	6.982306	-0.5412848	4.284965	1.7209793	0.2652277	-0.0075763	0.0572567	0.0648330
Albania	2016	4124.06	1004.94791	65.9	0.605	4.90	8.324593	6.912691	-0.5025268	4.188138	1.5892352	0.2436793	0.0451393	0.0383495	-0.0067897
Bahrain	2016	22608.48	5824.87419	74.3	0.646	7.46	10.026080	8.669893	-0.4369558	4.308111	2.0095554	0.2576411	-0.0114162	-0.0103454	0.0010708
Uganda	2016	733.43	177.73979	59.3	0.372	1.90	6.597732	5.180321	-0.9888614	4.082609	0.6418539	0.2423405	-0.1154286	-0.1256747	-0.0102460
South Africa	2016	5272.54	1023.95525	61.9	0.420	4.91	8.570267	6.931428	-0.8675006	4.125520	1.5912739	0.1942053	-0.0589880	-0.0092064	0.0497816
Italy	2016	30939.71	5311.12137	61.2	0.750	6.84	10.339796	8.577558	-0.2876821	4.114147	1.9227877	0.1716603	0.0158360	-0.0482567	-0.0640928
Ukraine	2016	2187.73	320.62097	46.8	0.638	5.31	7.690620	5.770260	-0.4494170	3.845883	1.6695918	0.1465542	0.0057654	0.0130461	0.0072807
Portugal	2016	19978.40	3095.30679	65.1	0.767	6.88	9.902407	8.037642	-0.2652685	4.175924	1.9286187	0.1549327	0.0352725	-0.0103086	-0.0455811
Mexico	2016	8744.52	1994.59390	65.2	0.605	4.87	9.076182	7.598196	-0.5025268	4.177460	1.5830939	0.2280964	-0.0732451	0.0215582	0.0948033
Paraguay	2016	5319.41	1015.91595	61.5	0.525	4.02	8.579118	6.923546	-0.6443570	4.119037	1.3912819	0.1909828	-0.0068384	0.0654412	0.0722796
New Zealand	2016	39927.80	9052.37766	81.6	0.773	8.23	10.594828	9.110783	-0.2574762	4.401829	2.1077860	0.2267187	0.0291793	0.0048871	-0.0242922
Burkina Faso	2016	688.25	139.33722	59.1	0.361	1.74	6.534152	4.936897	-1.0188773	4.079231	0.5538851	0.2024515	0.0458558	-0.0085982	-0.0544540
Oman	2016	14618.73	4824.58373	67.1	0.596	6.14	9.590059	8.481480	-0.5175146	4.206184	1.8148247	0.3300276	-0.1065575	-0.0244964	0.0820611
Hungary	2016	13090.51	2554.73528	66.0	0.695	6.74	9.479643	7.845704	-0.3638434	4.189655	1.9080599	0.1951593	0.0489983	-0.0238479	-0.0728462
Luxembourg	2016	104278.39	18913.54184	73.9	0.693	8.40	11.554819	9.847633	-0.3667253	4.302713	2.1282317	0.1813755	0.0226526	-0.0128496	-0.0355023
Mauritius	2016	9681.62	1669.92416	74.7	0.617	5.51	9.177985	7.420534	-0.4828863	4.313480	1.7065646	0.1724840	0.0405984	-0.0041871	-0.0447854
Chad	2016	693.45	163.95640	46.3	0.294	1.06	6.541679	5.099601	-1.2241755	3.835142	0.0582689	0.2364358	-0.0448821	-0.0900580	-0.0451759
Indonesia	2016	3562.85	1162.28288	59.4	0.526	3.85	8.178316	7.058141	-0.6424541	4.084294	1.3480731	0.3262228	0.0529866	-0.0009790	-0.0539656
Turkey	2016	10895.32	3169.56321	62.1	0.631	5.66	9.296089	8.061349	-0.4604494	4.128746	1.7334239	0.2909105	-0.0019663	-0.0033232	-0.0013569
Spain	2016	26505.34	4754.31773	68.5	0.728	7.61	10.185102	8.466809	-0.3174542	4.226834	2.0294632	0.1793721	0.0282131	0.0066770	-0.0215361
United States	2016	57951.58	11766.84391	75.4	0.717	8.13	10.967363	9.373041	-0.3326794	4.322807	2.0955609	0.2030461	0.0187394	-0.0179072	-0.0366466
Azerbaijan	2016	3880.74	971.52696	60.2	0.573	6.25	8.263781	6.878869	-0.5568696	4.097672	1.8325815	0.2503458	-0.2204736	0.0632477	0.2837213
Botswana	2016	7243.87	2250.31144	71.1	0.403	4.51	8.887911	7.718824	-0.9088187	4.264087	1.5062972	0.3106504	0.0801343	0.1845001	0.1043658
Madagascar	2016	475.96	90.32327	61.1	0.385	1.70	6.165334	4.503395	-0.9545119	4.112512	0.5306283	0.1897707	0.0148038	0.1087465	0.0939428
Zimbabwe	2016	1464.58	143.64400	38.2	0.443	2.85	7.289324	4.967338	-0.8141855	3.642835	1.0473190	0.0980786	0.0241924	-0.0015603	-0.0257527
Canada	2016	42322.48	9637.35652	78.0	0.792	7.64	10.653074	9.173402	-0.2331939	4.356709	2.0333976	0.2277125	-0.0093235	-0.0295888	-0.0202653
Kazakhstan	2016	7714.84	1752.75531	63.6	0.684	6.72	8.950901	7.468944	-0.3797974	4.152614	1.9050882	0.2271927	-0.2259957	0.0852670	0.3112627
Colombia	2016	5870.78	1299.18307	70.8	0.593	5.12	8.677743	7.169491	-0.5225609	4.259859	1.6331544	0.2212965	-0.0247079	-0.0509506	-0.0262427
Estonia	2016	18437.25	4466.61115	77.2	0.755	8.16	9.822128	8.404385	-0.2810375	4.346400	2.0992442	0.2422602	0.0445079	0.0187669	-0.0257410
Belgium	2016	41984.10	9795.76967	68.4	0.758	7.70	10.645046	9.189706	-0.2770719	4.225373	2.0412203	0.2333209	0.0153581	-0.0289385	-0.0442966
Senegal	2016	1269.90	303.86375	58.1	0.411	2.48	7.146693	5.716579	-0.8891621	4.062166	0.9082586	0.2392816	0.0272495	-0.0723813	-0.0996309
Algeria	2016	3945.48	1699.49436	50.1	0.530	4.32	8.280326	7.438086	-0.6348783	3.914021	1.4632554	0.4307446	-0.0421452	0.1764671	0.2186123
France	2016	37037.37	8078.04028	62.3	0.760	8.05	10.519683	8.996905	-0.2744368	4.131961	2.0856721	0.2181051	0.0052563	-0.0118632	-0.0171195
Peru	2016	6205.00	1330.78235	67.4	0.581	4.61	8.733111	7.193522	-0.5430045	4.210645	1.5282279	0.2144694	0.0209277	0.0745175	0.0535898
Bulgaria	2016	7548.86	1392.97643	65.9	0.649	6.66	8.929152	7.239198	-0.4323226	4.188138	1.8961195	0.1845281	0.0781215	0.0076805	-0.0704411
Germany	2016	42107.52	8549.01492	74.4	0.768	8.20	10.647982	9.053571	-0.2639655	4.309456	2.1041342	0.2030282	0.0167352	0.0056612	-0.0110740
Australia	2016	49971.13	12649.38103	80.3	0.777	8.08	10.819201	9.445364	-0.2523149	4.385770	2.0893919	0.2531338	-0.0835834	-0.0392637	0.0443196
Greece	2016	18116.46	2184.83699	53.2	0.696	7.08	9.804576	7.689297	-0.3624056	3.974058	1.9572739	0.1205996	-0.0113799	-0.0163371	-0.0049572
Jordan	2016	4176.59	729.42117	68.3	0.555	5.97	8.337250	6.592251	-0.5887872	4.223910	1.7867469	0.1746451	0.0174420	0.2140672	0.1966252
Netherlands	2016	46007.85	9218.85527	74.6	0.798	8.40	10.736567	9.129006	-0.2256467	4.312140	2.1282317	0.2003757	0.0340877	-0.0032199	-0.0373077
Malaysia	2016	9817.74	2505.26967	71.5	0.612	6.22	9.191946	7.826152	-0.4910230	4.269697	1.8277699	0.2551778	-0.0020198	0.0626560	0.0646758
Ireland	2016	63197.08	22501.04356	77.3	0.794	7.90	11.054013	10.021317	-0.2306718	4.347694	2.0668628	0.3560456	-0.1239401	0.0192751	0.1432152
Uruguay	2016	15387.14	2922.09631	68.8	0.598	6.75	9.641287	7.980057	-0.5141645	4.231204	1.9095425	0.1899051	-0.0026930	0.0103462	0.0130392
Poland	2016	12447.44	2237.75598	69.3	0.739	6.73	9.429270	7.713229	-0.3024574	4.238445	1.9065751	0.1797764	0.0178918	-0.0162421	-0.0341340
Ecuador	2016	6060.09	1520.86672	48.6	0.578	4.52	8.709480	7.327036	-0.5481814	3.883624	1.5085120	0.2509644	0.0169267	-0.0744552	-0.0913819
Saudi Arabia	2016	19879.30	5178.38105	62.1	0.572	6.87	9.897434	8.552248	-0.5586163	4.128746	1.9271641	0.2604911	0.0129315	-0.0258635	-0.0387950
Panama	2016	14343.96	5501.03317	64.8	0.515	4.80	9.571084	8.612691	-0.6635884	4.171306	1.5686159	0.3835087	0.0409372	-0.0036168	-0.0445540
Sweden	2016	51965.16	12596.88897	72.0	0.789	8.41	10.858329	9.441205	-0.2369890	4.276666	2.1294215	0.2424103	0.0051096	-0.0401226	-0.0452322
Japan	2016	38761.82	9055.50949	73.1	0.826	8.32	10.565191	9.111129	-0.1911605	4.291828	2.1186623	0.2336193	0.0920097	-0.0206005	-0.1126102
United Kingdom	2016	41064.13	7071.92096	76.4	0.776	8.53	10.622890	8.863887	-0.2536028	4.335983	2.1435894	0.1722165	-0.0760413	-0.0175799	0.0584613
Namibia	2016	4523.09	982.43536	61.9	0.429	3.33	8.416951	6.890034	-0.8462984	4.125520	1.2029723	0.2172045	0.0305753	0.0141246	-0.0164507
Benin	2016	1087.29	214.44027	59.3	0.391	1.92	6.991444	5.368031	-0.9390477	4.082609	0.6523252	0.1972245	0.0215505	-0.0570472	-0.0785977
Tunisia	2016	3697.93	715.23779	57.6	0.515	4.70	8.215528	6.572615	-0.6635884	4.053523	1.5475625	0.1934157	-0.0330801	-0.0080973	0.0249828
United Arab Emirates	2016	38141.85	9326.78874	72.6	0.656	7.18	10.549067	9.140646	-0.4215945	4.284965	1.9712994	0.2445290	-0.0143100	-0.0165523	-0.0022424
Thailand	2016	5994.23	1421.23012	63.9	0.603	5.31	8.698553	7.259278	-0.5058381	4.157319	1.6695918	0.2370997	0.0317319	0.0143819	-0.0173499
Denmark	2016	54664.00	11492.98152	75.3	0.762	8.68	10.908961	9.349492	-0.2718087	4.321480	2.1610215	0.2102477	0.0106189	-0.0359728	-0.0465918
Finland	2017	46336.66	10839.43172	74.0	0.814	7.88	10.743689	9.290946	-0.2057949	4.304065	2.0643279	0.2339278	0.0396618	0.0254656	-0.0141962
Chile	2017	14999.37	3152.58604	76.5	0.674	6.57	9.615763	8.055978	-0.3945252	4.337291	1.8825138	0.2101812	0.1099894	0.0295793	-0.0804101
Singapore	2017	60913.75	15491.13768	88.6	0.884	8.05	11.017214	9.648023	-0.1232982	4.484132	2.0856721	0.2543127	0.0697169	0.0342289	-0.0354880
Croatia	2017	13451.62	2683.92976	59.4	0.723	7.24	9.506855	7.895037	-0.3243461	4.084294	1.9796212	0.1995246	0.0798397	0.0445050	-0.0353347
Morocco	2017	3036.33	882.11268	61.5	0.500	4.77	8.018405	6.782320	-0.6931472	4.119037	1.5623463	0.2905194	0.0588934	0.0460904	-0.0128030
Malta	2017	28091.86	6111.00832	67.7	0.701	7.86	10.243235	8.717847	-0.3552474	4.215086	2.0617866	0.2175366	0.0957307	0.0419622	-0.0537685
Argentina	2017	14613.04	2215.65845	50.4	0.611	6.79	9.589670	7.703305	-0.4926583	3.919991	1.9154509	0.1516220	0.1136365	0.1566903	0.0430538
Latvia	2017	15682.22	3233.37333	74.8	0.724	7.26	9.660283	8.081281	-0.3229639	4.314818	1.9823798	0.2061808	0.0744228	0.0899768	0.0155540
Moldova	2017	3509.69	782.22904	58.0	0.580	6.45	8.163283	6.662148	-0.5447272	4.060443	1.8640801	0.2228770	0.1594851	0.0483179	-0.1111672
Israel	2017	40541.86	8383.59225	69.7	0.763	7.88	10.610090	9.034032	-0.2704972	4.244200	2.0643279	0.2067885	0.0846667	0.0075645	-0.0771022
Romania	2017	10807.80	2421.83512	69.7	0.601	6.48	9.288023	7.792281	-0.5091603	4.244200	1.8687205	0.2240822	0.1092256	0.0999688	-0.0092568
Brazil	2017	9925.39	1443.46086	52.9	0.560	6.12	9.202851	7.274799	-0.5798185	3.968403	1.8115621	0.1454311	0.1413048	-0.0275312	-0.1688360
Costa Rica	2017	11814.63	2038.13005	65.0	0.619	6.44	9.377094	7.619788	-0.4796500	4.174387	1.8625285	0.1725090	0.0294629	-0.0126903	-0.0421532
Cyprus	2017	26338.69	4052.86944	67.9	0.751	7.77	10.178794	8.307180	-0.2863496	4.218036	2.0502702	0.1538751	0.0549906	0.0506827	-0.0043080
Cameroon	2017	1425.11	327.39620	51.8	0.394	2.38	7.262004	5.791171	-0.9314044	3.947390	0.8671005	0.2297340	0.0356197	0.0610039	0.0253842
Czech Republic	2017	20636.20	5141.77322	73.3	0.782	7.16	9.934802	8.545153	-0.2459005	4.294561	1.9685100	0.2491628	0.1046533	0.0154301	-0.0892232
Austria	2017	47426.51	11204.73525	72.3	0.793	8.02	10.766937	9.324092	-0.2319321	4.280824	2.0819384	0.2362547	0.0615336	0.0490515	-0.0124822
Lithuania	2017	16885.41	3396.46449	75.8	0.712	7.19	9.734205	8.130490	-0.3396774	4.328098	1.9726912	0.2011479	0.0965965	0.0390230	-0.0575735
Norway	2017	75496.75	18542.92333	74.0	0.771	8.47	11.231845	9.827844	-0.2600669	4.304065	2.1365305	0.2456122	0.0584323	0.0465702	-0.0118621
Slovenia	2017	23512.82	4306.51846	59.2	0.788	7.38	10.065301	8.367885	-0.2382572	4.080921	1.9987736	0.1831562	0.0708835	0.0013193	-0.0695642
Switzerland	2017	80449.99	19640.69362	81.5	0.767	8.74	11.295391	9.885359	-0.2652685	4.400603	2.1679102	0.2441354	0.0012325	0.0153493	0.0141169
Iceland	2017	71310.94	15681.67843	74.4	0.740	8.98	11.174805	9.660248	-0.3011051	4.309456	2.1949999	0.2199056	0.1006225	0.0374188	-0.0632037
Georgia	2017	4357.00	1110.69234	76.0	0.614	5.79	8.379539	7.012739	-0.4877604	4.330733	1.7561323	0.2549214	0.1021884	0.0809214	-0.0212670
Albania	2017	4531.02	1113.56519	64.4	0.621	5.14	8.418702	7.015322	-0.4764242	4.165114	1.6370531	0.2457648	0.0885734	0.0247931	-0.0637803
Bahrain	2017	23742.99	6731.00686	68.5	0.668	7.60	10.075043	8.814480	-0.4034671	4.226834	2.0281482	0.2834945	0.0319674	-0.0626844	-0.0946517
Uganda	2017	747.20	179.71896	60.9	0.382	2.19	6.616333	5.191394	-0.9623347	4.109233	0.7839015	0.2405232	0.0360837	0.1686715	0.1325878
South Africa	2017	6131.48	1150.54432	62.3	0.406	4.96	8.721191	7.047990	-0.9014021	4.131961	1.6014057	0.1876454	0.1015115	0.0165730	-0.0849384
Italy	2017	32406.72	5665.98359	62.5	0.769	7.04	10.386121	8.642236	-0.2626643	4.135167	1.9516082	0.1748398	0.0556608	0.0498398	-0.0058210
Ukraine	2017	2640.68	394.45190	48.1	0.647	5.62	7.878792	5.977497	-0.4354090	3.873282	1.7263317	0.1493751	0.1691314	0.0841388	-0.0849926
Portugal	2017	21490.43	3606.94862	62.6	0.776	7.13	9.975363	8.190617	-0.2536028	4.136765	1.9643112	0.1678398	0.0569885	-0.0034667	-0.0604552
Mexico	2017	9287.85	2051.65483	63.6	0.607	5.16	9.136462	7.626402	-0.4992265	4.152614	1.6409366	0.2208966	0.0566205	0.0329966	-0.0236239
Paraguay	2017	5680.58	1089.90171	62.4	0.533	4.18	8.644809	6.993843	-0.6292339	4.133565	1.4303112	0.1918645	0.0644250	0.0535574	-0.0108676
New Zealand	2017	42674.06	9864.05192	83.7	0.767	8.33	10.661347	9.196652	-0.2652685	4.427239	2.1198635	0.2311487	0.0406787	0.0374872	-0.0031915
Burkina Faso	2017	734.99	153.49257	59.6	0.369	1.90	6.599857	5.033652	-0.9969586	4.087656	0.6418539	0.2088363	0.0628400	0.0963934	0.0335534
Oman	2017	15130.52	4139.16413	62.1	0.622	6.43	9.624469	8.328249	-0.4748152	4.128746	1.8609745	0.2735639	0.1073471	-0.0312883	-0.1386353
Hungary	2017	14605.85	3238.31282	65.8	0.703	6.93	9.589177	8.082808	-0.3523984	4.186620	1.9358598	0.2217134	0.0658730	0.0247650	-0.0411080
Luxembourg	2017	107627.15	20191.02405	75.9	0.692	8.47	11.586428	9.912993	-0.3681693	4.329417	2.1365305	0.1876016	0.0181740	0.0350027	0.0168286
Mauritius	2017	10484.91	1823.13628	74.7	0.626	5.88	9.257692	7.508313	-0.4684049	4.313480	1.7715568	0.1738819	0.0764078	0.0649921	-0.0114156
Chad	2017	665.95	136.76997	49.0	0.293	1.27	6.501215	4.918300	-1.2275827	3.891820	0.2390169	0.2053757	-0.0059373	0.2374263	0.2433636
Indonesia	2017	3837.65	1235.61339	61.9	0.535	4.33	8.252615	7.119323	-0.6254885	4.125520	1.4655675	0.3219714	0.0661039	0.1587203	0.0926165
Turkey	2017	10591.47	3156.52315	65.2	0.626	6.08	9.267804	8.057226	-0.4684049	4.177460	1.8050047	0.2980250	-0.0326403	0.1202943	0.1529346
Spain	2017	28170.17	5258.27397	63.6	0.743	7.79	10.246019	8.567558	-0.2970592	4.152614	2.0528409	0.1866611	0.0586994	-0.0508426	-0.1095420
United States	2017	60062.22	12308.23997	75.1	0.762	8.18	11.003136	9.418024	-0.2718087	4.318821	2.1016922	0.2049248	0.0749518	0.0021445	-0.0728073
Azerbaijan	2017	4147.09	987.72098	63.6	0.597	6.20	8.330162	6.895400	-0.5158382	4.152614	1.8245493	0.2381721	0.0937026	0.0469089	-0.0467937
Botswana	2017	7893.23	2297.96415	70.1	0.424	4.59	8.973761	7.739779	-0.8580218	4.249923	1.5238800	0.2911310	0.1157575	0.0034183	-0.1123392
Madagascar	2017	515.29	93.47113	57.4	0.374	1.68	6.244730	4.537653	-0.9834995	4.050044	0.5187938	0.1813952	0.0494525	-0.0743020	-0.1237546
Zimbabwe	2017	1548.17	149.64444	44.0	0.441	2.92	7.344829	5.008262	-0.8187104	3.784190	1.0715836	0.0966589	0.0474619	0.1656187	0.1181569
Canada	2017	45146.11	10261.23883	78.5	0.799	7.77	10.717659	9.236129	-0.2243943	4.363099	2.0502702	0.2272895	0.0571281	0.0232624	-0.0338658
Kazakhstan	2017	9247.58	2006.49861	69.0	0.746	6.79	9.132117	7.604146	-0.2930297	4.234107	1.9154509	0.2169755	0.2198218	0.0918558	-0.1279660
Colombia	2017	6376.71	1385.19873	69.7	0.593	5.36	8.760408	7.233599	-0.5225609	4.244200	1.6789640	0.2172278	0.0687388	0.0301509	-0.0385879
Estonia	2017	20458.46	5093.68830	79.1	0.747	8.14	9.926152	8.535758	-0.2916901	4.370713	2.0967902	0.2489771	0.0633144	0.0218594	-0.0414550
Belgium	2017	44192.62	10285.57142	67.8	0.757	7.81	10.696313	9.238497	-0.2783920	4.216562	2.0554050	0.2327441	0.0388980	0.0053740	-0.0335240
Senegal	2017	1361.70	351.66793	55.9	0.418	2.66	7.216489	5.862687	-0.8722738	4.023564	0.9783261	0.2582565	0.0445892	0.0314663	-0.0131229
Algeria	2017	4111.29	1676.63874	46.5	0.523	4.67	8.321492	7.424546	-0.6481738	3.839452	1.5411591	0.4078133	0.0388145	0.0033350	-0.0354795
France	2017	38812.16	8734.09742	63.3	0.765	8.24	10.566489	9.074990	-0.2678794	4.147885	2.1090003	0.2250351	0.0343160	0.0392522	0.0049361
Peru	2017	6710.51	1382.87445	68.9	0.586	4.85	8.811430	7.231920	-0.5344355	4.232656	1.5789787	0.2060759	0.0772099	0.0727620	-0.0044479
Bulgaria	2017	8334.08	1530.49101	67.9	0.676	6.86	9.028108	7.333344	-0.3915622	4.218036	1.9257074	0.1836425	0.1149424	0.0594856	-0.0554569
Germany	2017	44552.82	9097.83783	73.8	0.795	8.39	10.704431	9.115792	-0.2294132	4.301359	2.1270405	0.2042034	0.0712401	0.0148092	-0.0564309
Australia	2017	54027.97	12925.85195	81.0	0.803	8.24	10.897257	9.466985	-0.2194006	4.394449	2.1090003	0.2392437	0.0979235	0.0282880	-0.0696355
Greece	2017	18930.22	2441.46357	55.0	0.681	7.23	9.848515	7.800353	-0.3841930	4.007333	1.9782390	0.1289717	0.0106381	0.0542399	0.0436018
Jordan	2017	4234.40	764.15589	66.7	0.562	6.00	8.350997	6.638772	-0.5762534	4.200205	1.7917595	0.1804638	0.0156231	-0.0186923	-0.0343154
Netherlands	2017	48675.22	9806.61358	75.8	0.800	8.49	10.792925	9.190812	-0.2231436	4.328098	2.1388890	0.2014703	0.0459048	0.0266151	-0.0192897
Malaysia	2017	10259.18	2571.25517	73.8	0.622	6.38	9.235928	7.852150	-0.4748152	4.301359	1.8531681	0.2506297	0.0496118	0.0570595	0.0074477
Ireland	2017	69822.35	21841.38247	76.7	0.806	8.02	11.153709	9.991562	-0.2156715	4.339902	2.0819384	0.3128136	0.1193119	0.0072834	-0.1120285
Uruguay	2017	17322.15	2853.54528	69.7	0.600	7.16	9.759741	7.956317	-0.5108256	4.244200	1.9685100	0.1647339	0.1251534	0.0719640	-0.0531894
Poland	2017	13864.68	2429.89986	68.3	0.747	6.89	9.537100	7.795605	-0.2916901	4.223910	1.9300711	0.1752583	0.1022727	0.0089608	-0.0933119
Ecuador	2017	6213.50	1578.53358	49.3	0.602	4.84	8.734480	7.364252	-0.5074978	3.897924	1.5769147	0.2540490	0.0458930	0.0827033	0.0368103
Saudi Arabia	2017	20803.75	5105.87176	64.4	0.585	6.67	9.942889	8.538146	-0.5361434	4.165114	1.8976199	0.2454304	0.0658725	0.0068234	-0.0590491
Panama	2017	15150.35	5957.94117	66.3	0.532	4.91	9.625779	8.692480	-0.6311118	4.194190	1.5912739	0.3932544	0.0430223	0.0455423	0.0025200
Sweden	2017	53791.51	13521.98087	74.9	0.800	8.41	10.892871	9.512072	-0.2231436	4.316154	2.1294215	0.2513776	0.0270928	0.0394878	0.0123949
Japan	2017	38386.51	9149.28981	69.6	0.844	8.43	10.555461	9.121431	-0.1696028	4.242765	2.1317968	0.2383465	0.0042342	-0.0359293	-0.0401635
United Kingdom	2017	40361.42	6963.48691	76.4	0.781	8.65	10.605630	8.848436	-0.2471801	4.335983	2.1575593	0.1725283	-0.0092802	0.0139700	0.0232502
Namibia	2017	5303.31	939.93859	62.5	0.435	3.89	8.576086	6.845815	-0.8324092	4.135167	1.3584092	0.1772362	0.1784006	0.1650832	-0.0133174
Benin	2017	1136.59	266.39975	59.2	0.406	1.94	7.035788	5.584998	-0.9014021	4.080921	0.6626880	0.2343851	0.0223124	0.0086750	-0.0136374
Tunisia	2017	3481.23	655.72095	55.7	0.508	4.82	8.155141	6.485735	-0.6772738	4.019980	1.5727739	0.1883590	-0.0551306	-0.0083310	0.0467996
United Arab Emirates	2017	40644.80	7713.08627	76.9	0.659	7.21	10.612626	8.950674	-0.4170317	4.342506	1.9754690	0.1897681	0.1033064	0.0617105	-0.0415959
Thailand	2017	6592.91	1517.12492	66.2	0.604	5.67	8.793750	7.324572	-0.5041811	4.192680	1.7351891	0.2301146	0.0814480	0.1009584	0.0195104
Denmark	2017	57610.10	12228.15233	75.1	0.774	8.71	10.961453	9.411496	-0.2561834	4.318821	2.1644718	0.2122571	0.0516404	0.0007907	-0.0508497
Finland	2018	50030.88	12067.07145	74.1	0.814	8.77	10.820396	9.398236	-0.2057949	4.305415	2.1713368	0.2411925	0.0508295	0.1083593	0.0575299
Chile	2018	15924.79	3396.65255	75.2	0.665	6.95	9.675632	8.130546	-0.4079682	4.320151	1.9387417	0.2132934	0.0333883	0.0390883	0.0057000
Singapore	2018	66188.78	15299.89130	88.8	0.887	8.72	11.100266	9.635601	-0.1199103	4.486387	2.1656192	0.2311554	0.0885283	0.0822019	-0.0063264
Croatia	2018	15014.09	3057.36206	61.0	0.729	7.86	9.616744	8.025308	-0.3160815	4.110874	2.0617866	0.2036329	0.0899438	0.1087450	0.0188012
Morocco	2018	3222.20	930.68907	61.9	0.493	5.22	8.077820	6.835925	-0.7072461	4.125520	1.6524974	0.2888365	0.0339050	0.0966341	0.0627291
Malta	2018	30437.22	6418.13264	68.5	0.708	8.38	10.323422	8.766882	-0.3453112	4.226834	2.1258479	0.2108646	0.0776875	0.0758089	-0.0018787
Argentina	2018	11633.50	1705.45797	52.3	0.617	7.10	9.361644	7.441589	-0.4828863	3.956996	1.9600948	0.1465989	-0.1813187	0.0816490	0.2629677
Latvia	2018	17858.28	3951.57784	73.6	0.738	7.96	9.790223	8.281870	-0.3038115	4.298645	2.0744290	0.2212743	0.1004690	0.0758763	-0.0245927
Moldova	2018	4230.36	1028.81858	58.4	0.582	6.86	8.350042	6.936166	-0.5412848	4.067316	1.9257074	0.2431988	0.1227235	0.0685002	-0.0542233
Israel	2018	41719.73	8946.22724	72.2	0.763	8.26	10.638729	9.098987	-0.2704972	4.279440	2.1114246	0.2144364	0.0147103	0.0823364	0.0676261
Romania	2018	12399.89	2610.42231	69.4	0.594	6.93	9.425443	7.867267	-0.5208760	4.239887	1.9358598	0.2105198	0.1123841	0.0628259	-0.0495583
Brazil	2018	9001.23	1370.12896	51.4	0.546	6.54	9.105116	7.222660	-0.6051363	3.939638	1.8779372	0.1522157	-0.1112626	0.0376099	0.1488725
Costa Rica	2018	12112.13	2123.21894	65.6	0.603	6.92	9.401963	7.660689	-0.5058381	4.183576	1.9344158	0.1752969	-0.0038983	0.0810757	0.0849739
Cyprus	2018	28689.71	4084.95003	67.8	0.755	7.58	10.264294	8.315065	-0.2810375	4.216562	2.0255132	0.1423838	0.0889327	-0.0262308	-0.1151635
Cameroon	2018	1534.49	349.58935	51.9	0.393	2.41	7.335953	5.856759	-0.9339457	3.949319	0.8796267	0.2278212	0.0570444	0.0144549	-0.0425895
Czech Republic	2018	23415.84	6160.61177	74.2	0.765	7.79	10.061168	8.725931	-0.2678794	4.306764	2.0528409	0.2630959	0.0626076	0.0965344	0.0339268
Austria	2018	51478.29	12329.59008	71.8	0.769	8.44	10.848915	9.419757	-0.2626643	4.273885	2.1329823	0.2395105	0.0356943	0.0441042	0.0084099
Lithuania	2018	19176.18	4017.63663	75.3	0.727	7.78	9.861424	8.298449	-0.3188288	4.321480	2.0515563	0.2095118	0.1085101	0.0722470	-0.0362631
Norway	2018	81734.47	19766.87884	74.3	0.769	9.13	11.311231	9.891763	-0.2626643	4.308111	2.2115657	0.2418426	0.0619585	0.0790810	0.0171225
Slovenia	2018	26115.91	5023.36020	64.8	0.789	7.85	10.170300	8.521854	-0.2369890	4.171306	2.0605135	0.1923487	0.0764074	0.1521240	0.0757165
Switzerland	2018	82818.11	19966.34145	81.7	0.766	9.17	11.324402	9.901803	-0.2665731	4.403054	2.2159373	0.2410867	0.0240564	0.0504781	0.0264217
Iceland	2018	72968.70	15730.72932	77.0	0.743	9.49	11.197786	9.663371	-0.2970592	4.343805	2.2502386	0.2155819	0.0254812	0.0895882	0.0641070
Georgia	2018	4722.79	1187.67003	76.2	0.609	6.03	8.460155	7.079749	-0.4959370	4.333361	1.7967470	0.2514764	0.0576442	0.0432428	-0.0144013
Albania	2018	5284.38	1262.26971	64.5	0.629	5.48	8.572511	7.140667	-0.4636240	4.166665	1.7011051	0.2388681	0.1336100	0.0656036	-0.0680064
Bahrain	2018	23991.06	7102.34812	67.7	0.664	8.34	10.085437	8.868181	-0.4094731	4.215086	2.1210632	0.2960414	-0.0097317	0.0811674	0.0908991
Uganda	2018	770.45	187.59027	62.0	0.382	2.29	6.646975	5.234260	-0.9623347	4.127134	0.8285518	0.2434814	0.0202048	0.0625515	0.0423466
South Africa	2018	6372.61	1159.00147	63.0	0.423	5.34	8.759764	7.055314	-0.8603831	4.143135	1.6752257	0.1818723	0.0707998	0.0849932	0.0141934
Italy	2018	34615.76	6173.27268	62.5	0.753	7.52	10.452064	8.727984	-0.2836901	4.135167	2.0175661	0.1783371	0.0333750	0.0659580	0.0325829
Ukraine	2018	3096.82	517.64656	51.9	0.642	5.93	8.038131	6.249293	-0.4431670	3.949319	1.7800242	0.1671542	0.1074463	0.1297292	0.0222828
Portugal	2018	23562.55	4128.75503	63.4	0.783	7.57	10.067414	8.325731	-0.2446226	4.149464	2.0241931	0.1752253	0.0757821	0.0725804	-0.0032017
Mexico	2018	9686.51	2131.69285	64.8	0.612	5.23	9.178489	7.664672	-0.4910230	4.171306	1.6544113	0.2200682	0.0400033	0.0321668	-0.0078365
Paraguay	2018	5805.68	1153.59713	62.1	0.528	4.32	8.666592	7.050640	-0.6386590	4.128746	1.4632554	0.1987015	0.0029453	0.0281249	0.0251796
New Zealand	2018	42427.58	10018.59056	84.2	0.771	8.85	10.655554	9.212198	-0.2600669	4.433195	2.1804175	0.2361339	-0.0054901	0.0665099	0.0720001
Burkina Faso	2018	813.10	161.23994	60.0	0.378	1.91	6.700854	5.082894	-0.9728611	4.094345	0.6471032	0.1983027	0.1105514	0.0119383	-0.0986131
Oman	2018	16521.18	3829.80247	61.0	0.611	7.06	9.712399	8.250568	-0.4926583	4.110874	1.9544451	0.2318117	0.0922297	0.0755984	-0.0166313
Hungary	2018	16410.19	4066.72199	66.7	0.705	7.45	9.705658	8.310593	-0.3495575	4.200205	2.0082140	0.2478169	0.0621683	0.0859393	0.0237710
Luxembourg	2018	116654.26	19612.43080	76.4	0.692	9.28	11.666970	9.883919	-0.3681693	4.335983	2.2278615	0.1681244	0.0854297	0.0978970	0.0124673
Mauritius	2018	11208.34	2101.71585	75.1	0.623	6.13	9.324413	7.650509	-0.4732088	4.318821	1.8131947	0.1875136	0.0361544	0.0469785	0.0108241
Chad	2018	726.15	151.52943	49.3	0.299	1.26	6.587757	5.020780	-1.2073117	3.897924	0.2311117	0.2086751	0.0811980	-0.0018014	-0.0829994
Indonesia	2018	3893.85	1255.30781	64.2	0.538	4.53	8.267154	7.135136	-0.6198967	4.162003	1.5107219	0.3223822	0.0132294	0.0816374	0.0684081
Turkey	2018	9455.59	2806.13186	65.4	0.625	6.34	9.154361	7.939562	-0.4700036	4.180522	1.8468788	0.2967696	-0.0796480	0.0449369	0.1245848
Spain	2018	30389.36	5919.08748	65.1	0.736	8.34	10.321848	8.685938	-0.3065252	4.175924	2.1210632	0.1947750	0.0451494	0.0915334	0.0463841
United States	2018	62996.47	13101.20524	75.7	0.714	8.77	11.050834	9.480460	-0.3368723	4.326778	2.1713368	0.2079673	-0.0168193	0.0776023	0.0944216
Azerbaijan	2018	4739.84	980.86648	64.3	0.629	6.88	8.463759	6.888436	-0.4636240	4.163560	1.9286187	0.2069408	0.1764465	0.1150155	-0.0614310
Botswana	2018	8279.60	2503.01786	69.9	0.413	4.75	9.021550	7.825252	-0.8843077	4.247066	1.5581446	0.3023114	0.0036102	0.0314074	0.0277972
Madagascar	2018	527.50	99.19796	56.8	0.385	1.70	6.268149	4.597118	-0.9545119	4.039536	0.5306283	0.1880530	0.0357728	0.0013265	-0.0344463
Zimbabwe	2018	1683.74	156.69262	44.0	0.461	3.20	7.428773	5.054286	-0.7743572	3.784190	1.1631508	0.0930622	0.1198864	0.0915672	-0.0283192
Canada	2018	46303.91	10441.06681	77.7	0.800	8.21	10.742982	9.253502	-0.2231436	4.352855	2.1053529	0.2254900	0.0223736	0.0448394	0.0224658
Kazakhstan	2018	9812.63	2078.00350	69.1	0.777	7.42	9.191426	7.639163	-0.2523149	4.235555	2.0041791	0.2117683	0.0839857	0.0901763	0.0061906
Colombia	2018	6716.91	1434.07242	68.9	0.599	5.77	8.812383	7.268274	-0.5124937	4.232656	1.7526721	0.2135018	0.0524907	0.0621640	0.0096733
Estonia	2018	23170.71	5696.44480	78.8	0.774	8.87	10.050644	8.647597	-0.2561834	4.366913	2.1826748	0.2458468	0.1237745	0.0820847	-0.0416897
Belgium	2018	47583.07	11288.99890	67.5	0.763	8.32	10.770232	9.331584	-0.2704972	4.212128	2.1186623	0.2372482	0.0578563	0.0588227	0.0009664
Senegal	2018	1465.59	381.65763	55.7	0.421	2.87	7.290013	5.944524	-0.8651224	4.019980	1.0543120	0.2604123	0.0575018	0.0724017	0.0148999
Algeria	2018	4153.73	1667.66358	44.7	0.532	4.53	8.331762	7.419179	-0.6311118	3.799974	1.5107219	0.4014858	0.0226367	-0.0699159	-0.0925526
France	2018	41631.09	9542.16826	63.9	0.756	8.90	10.636603	9.163476	-0.2797139	4.157319	2.1860513	0.2292077	0.0407100	0.0864850	0.0457749
Peru	2018	6941.24	1457.90369	68.7	0.595	4.92	8.845236	7.284755	-0.5191939	4.229749	1.5933085	0.2100350	0.0347486	0.0114228	-0.0233257
Bulgaria	2018	9427.73	1771.71653	68.3	0.670	7.42	9.151411	7.479704	-0.4004776	4.223910	2.0041791	0.1879261	0.0885574	0.0843453	-0.0042120
Germany	2018	47810.51	10107.85955	74.2	0.764	8.85	10.775001	9.221069	-0.2691875	4.306764	2.1804175	0.2114150	0.0169476	0.0587824	0.0418348
Australia	2018	57354.96	13969.67372	80.9	0.781	8.90	10.957015	9.544644	-0.2471801	4.393214	2.1860513	0.2435652	0.0198289	0.0758156	0.0559867
Greece	2018	20324.30	2250.62509	57.3	0.695	7.74	9.919572	7.718963	-0.3638434	4.048301	2.0464017	0.1107357	0.0981665	0.1091301	0.0109636
Jordan	2018	4312.18	755.57024	64.9	0.547	5.95	8.369199	6.627473	-0.6033065	4.172848	1.7833912	0.1752177	-0.0021311	-0.0357256	-0.0335944
Netherlands	2018	53044.53	10852.14023	76.2	0.803	9.13	10.878887	9.292118	-0.2194006	4.333361	2.2115657	0.2045855	0.0682133	0.0779399	0.0097266
Malaysia	2018	11377.46	2754.17090	74.5	0.633	6.63	9.339389	7.920872	-0.4572849	4.310799	1.8916048	0.2420726	0.1001122	0.0478771	-0.0522351
Ireland	2018	78621.23	18394.84296	80.4	0.814	8.61	11.272397	9.819826	-0.2057949	4.387014	2.1529243	0.2339679	0.1664341	0.1180984	-0.0483358
Uruguay	2018	17277.97	2850.49932	69.2	0.602	7.53	9.757188	7.955249	-0.5074978	4.237001	2.0188950	0.1649788	0.0004012	0.0431856	0.0427844
Poland	2018	15468.48	2817.66174	68.5	0.760	7.61	9.646560	7.943663	-0.2744368	4.226834	2.0294632	0.1821550	0.0966009	0.1023161	0.0057152
Ecuador	2018	6295.94	1610.69474	48.5	0.596	5.24	8.747660	7.384421	-0.5175146	3.881564	1.6563215	0.2558307	0.0005665	0.0630465	0.0624800
Saudi Arabia	2018	23338.96	4896.15013	59.6	0.581	7.69	10.057879	8.496204	-0.5430045	4.087656	2.0399208	0.2097844	0.1183678	0.0648429	-0.0535250
Panama	2018	15592.57	6011.50669	67.0	0.514	5.38	9.654550	8.701431	-0.6655320	4.204693	1.6826884	0.3855366	0.0041702	0.1019172	0.0977470
Sweden	2018	54589.06	13758.92438	76.3	0.803	9.17	10.907589	9.529443	-0.2194006	4.334673	2.2159373	0.2520455	0.0131391	0.1050349	0.0918957
Japan	2018	39159.42	9483.98432	72.3	0.841	9.17	10.575396	9.157360	-0.1731636	4.280824	2.2159373	0.2421891	0.0085350	0.1222001	0.1136650
United Kingdom	2018	43043.23	7282.53829	78.0	0.777	9.31	10.669960	8.893235	-0.2523149	4.356709	2.2310891	0.1691913	0.0524849	0.0942559	0.0417710
Namibia	2018	5495.43	916.73707	58.5	0.445	3.86	8.611672	6.820821	-0.8096810	4.069027	1.3506672	0.1668181	0.0586919	-0.0738818	-0.1325737
Benin	2018	1240.83	321.44905	56.7	0.397	2.18	7.123536	5.772839	-0.9238190	4.037774	0.7793249	0.2590597	0.0224763	0.0734896	0.0510132
Tunisia	2018	3438.79	638.75733	58.9	0.510	5.19	8.142875	6.459525	-0.6733446	4.075841	1.6467337	0.1857506	-0.0041979	0.1298207	0.1340187
United Arab Emirates	2018	43839.36	7594.91323	77.6	0.676	7.85	10.688287	8.935234	-0.3915622	4.351567	2.0605135	0.1732442	0.0993931	0.0941061	-0.0052869
Thailand	2018	7295.48	1656.37973	67.1	0.617	5.77	8.895010	7.412390	-0.4828863	4.206184	1.7526721	0.2270419	0.0977820	0.0309865	-0.0667954
Denmark	2018	61598.54	13568.54502	76.6	0.771	9.47	11.028393	9.515510	-0.2600669	4.338597	2.2481289	0.2202738	0.0410008	0.1034336	0.0624329
Finland	2019	48771.37	11654.15167	74.9	0.806	8.95	10.794899	9.363418	-0.2156715	4.316154	2.1916535	0.2389548	-0.0246936	0.0310551	0.0557487
Chile	2019	14896.45	3342.80114	75.4	0.664	7.21	9.608878	8.114564	-0.4094731	4.322807	1.9754690	0.2244025	-0.0643350	0.0393833	0.1037184
Singapore	2019	65233.28	15099.72839	89.4	0.885	8.93	11.085725	9.622432	-0.1221676	4.493121	2.1894164	0.2314728	-0.0132278	0.0305312	0.0437590
Croatia	2019	14944.36	3141.54231	61.4	0.721	8.13	9.612089	8.052469	-0.3271161	4.117410	2.0955609	0.2102159	-0.0190798	0.0403103	0.0593901
Morocco	2019	3204.10	908.23833	62.9	0.501	5.46	8.072187	6.811507	-0.6911492	4.141546	1.6974488	0.2834613	0.0128226	0.0609774	0.0481547
Malta	2019	29737.25	6436.99706	68.6	0.708	8.64	10.300156	8.769817	-0.3453112	4.228293	2.1564026	0.2164624	-0.0239010	0.0320135	0.0559145
Argentina	2019	9912.28	1339.38671	52.2	0.610	7.36	9.201530	7.199967	-0.4942963	3.955083	1.9960599	0.1351240	-0.1373339	0.0340513	0.1713851
Latvia	2019	17819.27	3953.27309	70.4	0.724	8.23	9.788036	8.282299	-0.3229639	4.254193	2.1077860	0.2218538	-0.0171854	-0.0110947	0.0060906
Moldova	2019	4494.02	1153.21970	59.1	0.584	7.17	8.410503	7.050313	-0.5378543	4.079231	1.9699057	0.2566121	0.0337193	0.0561132	0.0223939
Israel	2019	43588.71	9095.41359	72.8	0.753	8.49	10.682553	9.115526	-0.2836901	4.287716	2.1388890	0.2086644	0.0299331	0.0357403	0.0058072
Romania	2019	12913.07	3051.78100	68.6	0.591	7.19	9.465995	8.023481	-0.5259393	4.228293	1.9726912	0.2363327	-0.0002326	0.0252370	0.0254697
Brazil	2019	8717.19	1340.91748	51.9	0.553	6.80	9.073052	7.201109	-0.5923973	3.949319	1.9169226	0.1538245	-0.0179698	0.0486661	0.0666359
Costa Rica	2019	12243.81	1931.80011	65.3	0.619	7.22	9.412776	7.566207	-0.4796500	4.178992	1.9768550	0.1577777	0.0477763	0.0378555	-0.0099207
Cyprus	2019	27858.37	4040.35615	68.1	0.758	7.83	10.234889	8.304088	-0.2770719	4.220977	2.0579625	0.1450320	-0.0244226	0.0368643	0.0612869
Cameroon	2019	1507.45	340.27426	52.4	0.396	2.50	7.318175	5.829752	-0.9263411	3.958907	0.9162907	0.2257284	-0.0057943	0.0462518	0.0520461
Czech Republic	2019	23489.84	6157.45539	73.7	0.766	8.02	10.064323	8.725419	-0.2665731	4.300003	2.0819384	0.2621327	0.0042535	0.0223362	0.0180827
Austria	2019	50121.55	12387.49899	72.0	0.768	8.66	10.822206	9.424443	-0.2639655	4.276666	2.1587147	0.2471492	-0.0288468	0.0285141	0.0573609
Lithuania	2019	19550.73	4178.48815	74.2	0.716	8.04	9.880768	8.337705	-0.3340751	4.306764	2.0844291	0.2137254	-0.0010340	0.0181568	0.0191907
Norway	2019	75419.63	19633.88966	73.0	0.770	9.33	11.230823	9.885012	-0.2613648	4.290459	2.2332350	0.2603286	-0.0776896	0.0040178	0.0817074
Slovenia	2019	25940.73	5094.06801	65.5	0.785	8.04	10.163570	8.535832	-0.2420716	4.182050	2.0844291	0.1963733	-0.0135597	0.0346601	0.0482198
Switzerland	2019	81989.44	19707.81129	81.9	0.762	9.39	11.314346	9.888770	-0.2718087	4.405499	2.2396453	0.2403701	-0.0109007	0.0261530	0.0370537
Iceland	2019	67084.08	13564.78703	77.1	0.742	9.71	11.113702	9.515232	-0.2984060	4.345103	2.2731563	0.2022058	-0.0552038	0.0242155	0.0794193
Georgia	2019	4697.98	1129.99257	75.9	0.597	6.30	8.454888	7.029966	-0.5158382	4.329417	1.8405496	0.2405273	-0.0084075	0.0398578	0.0482653
Albania	2019	5353.24	1205.46069	66.5	0.633	5.71	8.585457	7.094617	-0.4572849	4.197202	1.7422190	0.2251834	0.0282280	0.0716506	0.0434227
Bahrain	2019	23503.98	6832.31252	66.4	0.663	8.65	10.064925	8.829418	-0.4109803	4.195697	2.1575593	0.2906875	-0.0103128	0.0171070	0.0274198
Uganda	2019	794.34	201.21479	59.7	0.385	2.38	6.677512	5.304373	-0.9545119	4.089332	0.8671005	0.2533107	0.0186177	0.0007463	-0.0178713
South Africa	2019	6001.40	1074.23043	58.3	0.419	5.56	8.699748	6.979360	-0.8698844	4.065602	1.7155981	0.1789966	-0.0542213	-0.0371602	0.0170612
Italy	2019	33225.65	6003.10838	62.2	0.747	7.69	10.411077	8.700033	-0.2916901	4.130355	2.0399208	0.1806769	-0.0424913	0.0175431	0.0600344
Ukraine	2019	3659.03	624.29782	52.3	0.639	6.14	8.204953	6.436628	-0.4478508	3.956996	1.8148247	0.1706184	0.1309748	0.0424781	-0.0884967
Portugal	2019	23213.98	4226.94811	65.3	0.777	7.77	10.052510	8.349236	-0.2523149	4.178992	2.0502702	0.1820863	-0.0254754	0.0556053	0.0810807
Mexico	2019	9946.03	2053.68539	64.7	0.612	5.42	9.204929	7.627391	-0.4910230	4.169761	1.6900958	0.2064829	0.0341371	0.0341401	0.0000031
Paraguay	2019	5414.80	1001.65665	61.8	0.530	4.47	8.596891	6.909411	-0.6348783	4.123903	1.4973884	0.1849850	-0.0404941	0.0292904	0.0697845
New Zealand	2019	41557.80	9598.73878	84.4	0.772	9.08	10.634840	9.169387	-0.2587707	4.435567	2.2060742	0.2309732	-0.0098285	0.0280292	0.0378577
Burkina Faso	2019	786.90	161.19011	59.4	0.381	2.00	6.668101	5.082585	-0.9649559	4.084294	0.6931472	0.2048419	-0.0264037	0.0359936	0.0623973
Oman	2019	15343.06	3567.38706	61.0	0.616	7.38	9.638419	8.179589	-0.4845083	4.110874	1.9987736	0.2325082	-0.0512215	0.0443286	0.0955501
Hungary	2019	16729.78	4555.04553	65.0	0.696	7.67	9.724946	8.423991	-0.3624056	4.174387	2.0373166	0.2722717	-0.0209372	0.0032849	0.0242221
Luxembourg	2019	114685.17	19358.63882	75.9	0.689	9.52	11.649946	9.870894	-0.3725140	4.329417	2.2533948	0.1687981	-0.0184365	0.0189673	0.0374038
Mauritius	2019	11099.24	2177.00988	73.0	0.625	6.37	9.314632	7.685708	-0.4700036	4.290459	1.8515995	0.1961404	-0.0141088	0.0100436	0.0241524
Chad	2019	709.54	151.93694	49.9	0.298	1.30	6.564617	5.023466	-1.2106618	3.910021	0.2623643	0.2141344	-0.0263475	0.0433495	0.0696970
Indonesia	2019	4135.57	1337.64153	65.8	0.540	4.72	8.327380	7.198663	-0.6161861	4.186620	1.5518088	0.3234479	0.0421894	0.0657035	0.0235140
Turkey	2019	9126.56	2361.27183	64.6	0.636	6.58	9.118944	7.766956	-0.4525567	4.168214	1.8840347	0.2587253	0.0221734	0.0248481	0.0026747
Spain	2019	29564.74	5876.92144	65.7	0.736	8.58	10.294338	8.678788	-0.3065252	4.185099	2.1494339	0.1987814	-0.0260890	0.0375451	0.0636341
United States	2019	65297.52	13557.17300	76.8	0.724	8.98	11.086709	9.514671	-0.3229639	4.341205	2.1949999	0.2076216	0.0397930	0.0380896	-0.0017035
Azerbaijan	2019	4793.13	929.19070	65.4	0.605	7.22	8.474939	6.834314	-0.5025268	4.180522	1.9768550	0.1938589	-0.0096888	0.0651989	0.0748877
Botswana	2019	7961.33	2510.89918	69.5	0.419	4.97	8.982351	7.828396	-0.8698844	4.241327	1.6034198	0.3153869	-0.0303157	0.0395363	0.0698520
Madagascar	2019	523.36	110.65084	56.6	0.385	1.75	6.260270	4.706380	-0.9545119	4.036009	0.5596158	0.2114240	-0.0309800	0.0254602	0.0564402
Zimbabwe	2019	1463.99	140.38473	40.4	0.461	3.34	7.288921	4.944387	-0.7743572	3.698830	1.2059708	0.0958919	-0.1293135	-0.0425399	0.0867736
Canada	2019	46189.66	10214.56329	77.7	0.800	8.38	10.740511	9.231570	-0.2231436	4.352855	2.1258479	0.2211439	0.0023797	0.0204950	0.0181152
Kazakhstan	2019	9812.53	2365.43472	65.4	0.714	7.76	9.191415	7.768717	-0.3368723	4.180522	2.0489823	0.2410627	-0.0954146	-0.0102292	0.0851854
Colombia	2019	6428.68	1384.50938	67.3	0.600	5.99	8.768524	7.233101	-0.5108256	4.209160	1.7900914	0.2153645	-0.0349753	0.0139234	0.0488987
Estonia	2019	23717.80	6217.11302	76.6	0.770	9.16	10.073981	8.735061	-0.2613648	4.338597	2.2148462	0.2621286	-0.0034130	0.0038555	0.0072685
Belgium	2019	46345.40	11214.75437	67.3	0.761	8.52	10.743877	9.324986	-0.2731219	4.209160	2.1424163	0.2419820	-0.0267478	0.0207867	0.0475346
Senegal	2019	1446.83	414.60326	56.3	0.421	3.00	7.277130	6.027322	-0.8651224	4.030695	1.0986123	0.2865598	-0.0366095	0.0550146	0.0916242
Algeria	2019	3973.96	1537.69998	46.2	0.531	4.73	8.287518	7.338043	-0.6329933	3.832980	1.5539252	0.3869440	-0.0140021	0.0762096	0.0902116
France	2019	40496.36	9574.10818	63.8	0.762	9.16	10.608967	9.166818	-0.2718087	4.155753	2.2148462	0.2364190	-0.0223889	0.0272287	0.0496177
Peru	2019	6977.70	1477.03440	67.8	0.599	5.09	8.850475	7.297792	-0.5124937	4.216562	1.6272778	0.2116793	0.0077612	0.0207823	0.0130211
Bulgaria	2019	9828.15	1838.38879	69.0	0.649	7.70	9.193006	7.516645	-0.4323226	4.234107	2.0412203	0.1870534	0.0087972	0.0472380	0.0384408
Germany	2019	46467.52	10073.05528	73.5	0.767	9.06	10.746509	9.217619	-0.2652685	4.297285	2.2038691	0.2167763	-0.0246747	0.0139729	0.0386477
Australia	2019	55057.20	12773.13164	80.9	0.784	9.12	10.916128	9.455099	-0.2433463	4.393214	2.2104698	0.2319975	-0.0171681	0.0244185	0.0415866
Greece	2019	19580.99	2235.92909	57.7	0.688	7.96	9.882314	7.712412	-0.3739664	4.055257	2.0744290	0.1141888	-0.0454770	0.0349839	0.0804609
Jordan	2019	4405.49	752.99212	66.5	0.553	6.20	8.390607	6.624055	-0.5923973	4.197202	1.8245493	0.1709213	0.0310367	0.0655124	0.0344757
Netherlands	2019	52295.04	10954.24504	76.8	0.797	9.33	10.864657	9.301482	-0.2269006	4.341205	2.2332350	0.2094701	-0.0221209	0.0295125	0.0516334
Malaysia	2019	11414.21	2620.62200	74.0	0.623	6.88	9.342614	7.871167	-0.4732088	4.304065	1.9286187	0.2295929	0.0023688	0.0302798	0.0279110
Ireland	2019	78778.99	34251.85041	80.5	0.805	8.84	11.274402	10.441496	-0.2169130	4.388257	2.1792869	0.4347841	-0.2745719	0.0276056	0.3021774
Uruguay	2019	16190.13	2781.99022	68.6	0.601	7.83	9.692157	7.930922	-0.5091603	4.228293	2.0579625	0.1718325	-0.0622270	0.0303591	0.0925862
Poland	2019	15694.74	2897.36925	67.8	0.756	7.85	9.661081	7.971559	-0.2797139	4.216562	2.0605135	0.1846077	0.0050686	0.0207788	0.0157102
Ecuador	2019	6183.82	1543.77834	46.9	0.601	5.45	8.729691	7.341988	-0.5091603	3.848018	1.6956156	0.2496480	-0.0011069	0.0057480	0.0068549
Saudi Arabia	2019	23139.80	5106.72650	60.7	0.582	8.03	10.049309	8.538314	-0.5412848	4.105944	2.0831845	0.2206902	-0.0165229	0.0615519	0.0780748
Panama	2019	15731.02	5916.84209	67.2	0.514	5.56	9.663390	8.685558	-0.6655320	4.207673	1.7155981	0.3761258	0.0148101	0.0358904	0.0210803
Sweden	2019	51647.99	12647.28370	75.2	0.801	9.33	10.852207	9.445198	-0.2218943	4.320151	2.2332350	0.2448747	-0.0366358	0.0027760	0.0394118
Japan	2019	40246.88	9567.18537	72.1	0.828	9.39	10.602788	9.166094	-0.1887421	4.278054	2.2396453	0.2377125	0.0134399	0.0209379	0.0074981
United Kingdom	2019	42328.90	7211.64704	78.9	0.781	9.54	10.653225	8.883453	-0.2471801	4.368181	2.2554935	0.1703717	-0.0108083	0.0358768	0.0466851
Namibia	2019	4957.46	800.67983	58.7	0.445	4.01	8.508649	6.685461	-0.8096810	4.072440	1.3887912	0.1615101	-0.0811614	0.0415370	0.1226984
Benin	2019	1219.43	306.97090	55.3	0.403	2.27	7.106139	5.726753	-0.9088187	4.012773	0.8197798	0.2517331	0.0054286	0.0154537	0.0100250
Tunisia	2019	3317.45	586.88142	55.4	0.512	5.40	8.106952	6.374823	-0.6694307	4.014580	1.6863990	0.1769074	-0.0177174	-0.0215962	-0.0038789
United Arab Emirates	2019	43103.32	7602.36550	77.6	0.673	8.12	10.671355	8.936215	-0.3960099	4.351567	2.0943302	0.1763754	-0.0207683	0.0338166	0.0545849
Thailand	2019	7806.74	1766.59206	68.3	0.612	6.02	8.962743	7.476808	-0.4910230	4.223910	1.7950873	0.2262906	0.0468598	0.0601409	0.0132811
Denmark	2019	60213.09	13217.06726	76.7	0.766	9.67	11.005645	9.489264	-0.2665731	4.339902	2.2690283	0.2195049	-0.0220655	0.0222040	0.0442695

mean(countries_cleaned_logs_resid_final$residual_diff)

## [1] 0.02581905

Therefore, across all countries, the proxy TFP dataset overestimates the theoretically implied TFP value derived via growth accounting by only 2.6%. Thus, using the IDI and EFI datasets together seem to be a fairly good proxy of TFP.

Determinants of Economic Growth

Johann Power

12/08/2021

Introduction

Background

Economic Growth Model

Data Used

Output per Capita

Physical Capital per Capita

Human Capital per Capita

1. Survival

2. School

3. Health

Physical Productivity

Access to ICT

Internet user

Use of ICT

ICT Skills

Social Productivity

Rule of Law

Government Size

Regulatory Efficiency

Open Markets

Country Development Level Groupings

Data Cleaning

Load Packages

Load Files

Alter variables

Explore the Data

Methodology

Multiple Linear Regression Model

Testing Regression Assumptions

Assumption 1: Multicollinearity

Assumption 2: Linearity

Assumption 3: Normality of error terms

Assumption 4: Independent Error Terms (No Autocorrelation)

Assumption 5: Constant Error Variance (Homoskedasticity)

Assumption 6: No Exogeneity

Regression Analysis

Most Developed (Group 1) Countries

Assumption 1: Multicollinearity

Assumption 2: Linearity

Assumption 3: Normality of error terms

Assumption 4: Independent Error Terms (No Autocorrelation) Test

Assumption 5: Constant Error Variance (Homoskedasticity) Test

Developed (Group 2) Countries

Assumption 1: Multicollinearity

Assumption 2: Linearity

Assumption 3: Normality of error terms

Assumption 4: Independent Error Terms (No Autocorrelation) Test

Assumption 5: Constant Error Variance (Homoskedasticity) Test

Less Developed (Group 3) Countries

Assumption 1: Multicollinearity

Assumption 2: Linearity

Assumption 3: Normality of error terms

Assumption 4: Independent Error Terms (No Autocorrelation) Test

Assumption 5: Constant Error Variance (Homoskedasticity) Test

Least Developed (Group 4) Countries

Assumption 1: Multicollinearity

Assumption 2: Linearity

Assumption 3: Normality of error terms

Assumption 4: Independent Error Terms (No Autocorrelation) Test

Assumption 5: Constant Error Variance (Homoskedasticity) Test

Results

Most Developed (Group 1) Countries

Developed (Group 2) Countries

Less Developed (Group 3) Countries

Least Developed (Group 4) Countries

Results Summary

Role of Physical Capital

Role of Human Capital

Role of Physical Productivity

Role of Social Productivity

Research and Policy Recommendations

Research Recommendations

Policy Recommendations

Conclusion

References

Appendices

Appendix I